American Diabetes Association

Table 2—

Relationship of retinal arteriolar and venular caliber with fasting glucose status: all individuals and by racial/ethnic groups

	Retinal vascular caliber (μm)
	NFG	IFG	Diabetes	P for trend
n	4,585	499	892
Retinal arteriolar caliber (CRAE)
Model 1^*	144.0 ± 0.24	143.9 ± 0.63	145.3 ± 0.48^†	0.009
Model 2^‡
All individuals	143.8 ± 0.24	144.5 ± 0.62	146.1 ± 0.48^†	<0.001
White	141.6 ± 0.35	144.3 ± 1.05^†	144.2 ± 1.02^†	0.02
Black	144.8 ± 0.44	144.6 ± 1.15	146.0 ± 0.80	0.19
Hispanic	139.7 ± 2.36	141.6 ± 2.65	142.2 ± 2.48^†	0.008
Chinese	144.5 ± 3.35	141.3 ± 3.83	148.2 ± 3.61^†	0.01
Model 3§
All individuals	143.7 ± 0.20	143.6 ± 0.54	144.9 ± 0.42^†	0.008
White	141.8 ± 0.29	143.5 ± 0.87	144.3 ± 0.85^†	0.006
Black	144.9 ± 0.39	142.8 ± 1.01	145.4 ± 0.71	0.57
Hispanic	140.5 ± 2.10	141.7 ± 2.36	141.8 ± 2.212	0.13
Chinese	144.2 ± 2.86	141.9 ± 3.27	144.7 ± 3.09	0.70
Retinal venular caliber (CRVE)
Model 1^*	214.1 ± 0.35	217.1 ± 0.94^†	218.0 ± 0.72^†	<0.001
Model 2^‡
All individuals	214.4 ± 0.36	216.7 ± 0.95^†	218.0 ± 0.73^†	<0.001
White	206.0 ± 0.54	208.8 ± 1.58	206.5 ± 1.55	0.74
Black	221.4 ± 0.69	224.2 ± 1.81	224.0 ± 1.27	0.07
Hispanic	214.4 ± 3.66	217.1 ± 4.10	219.4 ± 3.85^†	0.001
Chinese	215.9 ± 4.75	213.6 ± 5.42	225.1 ± 5.11^†	<0.001
Model 3§
All individuals	214.7 ± 0.31	216.5 ± 0.82^†	216.3 ± 0.63^†	0.02
White	206.9 ± 0.44	207.4 ± 1.31	205.2 ± 1.29	0.22
Black	221.8 ± 0.61	225.5 ± 1.59	223.3 ± 1.12	0.23
Hispanic	218.9 ± 3.28	220.3 ± 3.68	221.8 ± 3.44^†	0.03
Chinese	214.8 ± 4.05	214.9 ± 4.64	221.0 ± 4.37^†	0.001

	Retinal vascular caliber (μm)
	NFG	IFG	Diabetes	P for trend
n	4,585	499	892
Retinal arteriolar caliber (CRAE)
Model 1^*	144.0 ± 0.24	143.9 ± 0.63	145.3 ± 0.48^†	0.009
Model 2^‡
All individuals	143.8 ± 0.24	144.5 ± 0.62	146.1 ± 0.48^†	<0.001
White	141.6 ± 0.35	144.3 ± 1.05^†	144.2 ± 1.02^†	0.02
Black	144.8 ± 0.44	144.6 ± 1.15	146.0 ± 0.80	0.19
Hispanic	139.7 ± 2.36	141.6 ± 2.65	142.2 ± 2.48^†	0.008
Chinese	144.5 ± 3.35	141.3 ± 3.83	148.2 ± 3.61^†	0.01
Model 3§
All individuals	143.7 ± 0.20	143.6 ± 0.54	144.9 ± 0.42^†	0.008
White	141.8 ± 0.29	143.5 ± 0.87	144.3 ± 0.85^†	0.006
Black	144.9 ± 0.39	142.8 ± 1.01	145.4 ± 0.71	0.57
Hispanic	140.5 ± 2.10	141.7 ± 2.36	141.8 ± 2.212	0.13
Chinese	144.2 ± 2.86	141.9 ± 3.27	144.7 ± 3.09	0.70
Retinal venular caliber (CRVE)
Model 1^*	214.1 ± 0.35	217.1 ± 0.94^†	218.0 ± 0.72^†	<0.001
Model 2^‡
All individuals	214.4 ± 0.36	216.7 ± 0.95^†	218.0 ± 0.73^†	<0.001
White	206.0 ± 0.54	208.8 ± 1.58	206.5 ± 1.55	0.74
Black	221.4 ± 0.69	224.2 ± 1.81	224.0 ± 1.27	0.07
Hispanic	214.4 ± 3.66	217.1 ± 4.10	219.4 ± 3.85^†	0.001
Chinese	215.9 ± 4.75	213.6 ± 5.42	225.1 ± 5.11^†	<0.001
Model 3§
All individuals	214.7 ± 0.31	216.5 ± 0.82^†	216.3 ± 0.63^†	0.02
White	206.9 ± 0.44	207.4 ± 1.31	205.2 ± 1.29	0.22
Black	221.8 ± 0.61	225.5 ± 1.59	223.3 ± 1.12	0.23
Hispanic	218.9 ± 3.28	220.3 ± 3.68	221.8 ± 3.44^†	0.03
Chinese	214.8 ± 4.05	214.9 ± 4.64	221.0 ± 4.37^†	0.001

Data are ANCOVA models showing mean ± SE of retinal arteriolar and venular caliber (in μm).

Model 1: Adjusted for age, race, sex, and study center.

‡

Model 2: Adjusted for age, race (except for race-specific models), sex, study center, systolic blood pressure, BMI, total cholesterol, triglycerides, current smoking, and CRP. §Model 3: Adjusted for variables in model 2 and venular caliber (in models of arteriolar caliber) and arteriolar caliber (in models of venular caliber);

†

P < 0.05 comparing specific group with NFG group.

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