Baseline characteristics and risk factors for cardiovascular disease and/or diabetes of study participants randomized to ILS or placebo
| . | ILS . | . | Placebo . | . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Men . | Women . | Men . | Women . | ||
| n (%) | 345 (32) | 734 (68)* | 335 (31) | 747 (69)* | ||
| Age (years) | 54.0 ± 17.4 | 47.8 ± 14.5* | 53.1 ± 15.2 | 48.3 ± 12.9* | ||
| Race/ethnic group (n [%]) | ||||||
| White | 199 (57.7) | 381 (51.9) | 184 (54.9) | 402 (53.8) | ||
| African American | 50 (14.5) | 154 (21.0) | 57 (17.0) | 163 (21.8) | ||
| Hispanic | 58 (16.8) | 120 (16.3) | 57 (17.0) | 111 (14.9) | ||
| American Indian | 31 (9.0) | 26 (3.5) | 7 (2.1) | 52 (7.0) | ||
| Asian | 7 (2.0) | 53 (7.2) | 30 (9.0) | 19 (2.5) | ||
| Cardiometabolic risk factors | ||||||
| Fasting glucose (mmol/l) | 5.9 ± 0.7 | 5.8 ± 0.6* | 6.0 ± 0.7 | 5.8 ± 0.6* | ||
| TG (mmol/l) | 2.01 ± 1.45 | 1.76 ± 1.29* | 2.01 ± 1.32 | 1.94 ± 1.36 | ||
| HDL (mmol/l) | 1.01 ± 0.7 | 1.22 ± 0.41* | 1.01 ± 0.26 | 1.16 ± 0.39* | ||
| BP (mmHg) | 124/80 ± 18/13 | 121/78 ± 20/13* | 125/80 ± 18/13 | 121/77 ± 20/13* | ||
| Waist circumference (cm) | 106.5 ± 17.7 | 101.8 ± 19.0* | 105.9 ± 17.2 | 103.0 ± 20.4* | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.9 ± 6.2 | 33.6 ± 8.6* | 30.9 ± 7.1 | 34.1 ± 9.6* | ||
| Activity | ||||||
| Leisure(MET/h) | 13.8 ± 22.4 | 8.1 ± 12.8* | 15.6 ± 24.1 | 8.1 ± 14.8* | ||
| Recreational (MET/h) | 70.5 ± 57.0 | 57.4 ± 52.3* | 70.9 ± 53.6 | 55.5 ± 48.8* | ||
| Caloric intake (kcal) | 2,065 ± 1,149 | 1,789 ± 1,041* | 1,990 ± 1,178 | 1,851 ± 1,019* | ||
| % on meds for TG or BP | 22.0 | 17.8 | 21.2 | 15.7† | ||
| % women on HRT | – | 24.4 | – | 20.6 | ||
| Diabetes risk factors | ||||||
| 2-h glucose (mmol/l) | 9.0 ± 1.6 | 8.9 ± 1.5 | 9.0 ± 1.6 | 9.0 ± 1.6 | ||
| A1C (%) | 5.9 ± 0.6 | 5.9 ± 0.6 | 5.9 ± 0.7 | 5.9 ± 0.6 | ||
| Insulin (pmol/l) | 138 ± 102 | 144 ± 108 | 144 ± 90 | 144 ± 102 | ||
| Index of insulin secretion | ||||||
| CIR | 0.49 ± 0.4 | 0.56 ± 0.41* | 0.52 ± 0.49 | 0.57 ± 0.44* | ||
| Index of insulin action | ||||||
| HOMA-IR | 6.0 ± 4.6 | 6.0 ± 4.9 | 6.4 ± 4.2 | 6.2 ± 4.7 | ||
| . | ILS . | . | Placebo . | . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Men . | Women . | Men . | Women . | ||
| n (%) | 345 (32) | 734 (68)* | 335 (31) | 747 (69)* | ||
| Age (years) | 54.0 ± 17.4 | 47.8 ± 14.5* | 53.1 ± 15.2 | 48.3 ± 12.9* | ||
| Race/ethnic group (n [%]) | ||||||
| White | 199 (57.7) | 381 (51.9) | 184 (54.9) | 402 (53.8) | ||
| African American | 50 (14.5) | 154 (21.0) | 57 (17.0) | 163 (21.8) | ||
| Hispanic | 58 (16.8) | 120 (16.3) | 57 (17.0) | 111 (14.9) | ||
| American Indian | 31 (9.0) | 26 (3.5) | 7 (2.1) | 52 (7.0) | ||
| Asian | 7 (2.0) | 53 (7.2) | 30 (9.0) | 19 (2.5) | ||
| Cardiometabolic risk factors | ||||||
| Fasting glucose (mmol/l) | 5.9 ± 0.7 | 5.8 ± 0.6* | 6.0 ± 0.7 | 5.8 ± 0.6* | ||
| TG (mmol/l) | 2.01 ± 1.45 | 1.76 ± 1.29* | 2.01 ± 1.32 | 1.94 ± 1.36 | ||
| HDL (mmol/l) | 1.01 ± 0.7 | 1.22 ± 0.41* | 1.01 ± 0.26 | 1.16 ± 0.39* | ||
| BP (mmHg) | 124/80 ± 18/13 | 121/78 ± 20/13* | 125/80 ± 18/13 | 121/77 ± 20/13* | ||
| Waist circumference (cm) | 106.5 ± 17.7 | 101.8 ± 19.0* | 105.9 ± 17.2 | 103.0 ± 20.4* | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.9 ± 6.2 | 33.6 ± 8.6* | 30.9 ± 7.1 | 34.1 ± 9.6* | ||
| Activity | ||||||
| Leisure(MET/h) | 13.8 ± 22.4 | 8.1 ± 12.8* | 15.6 ± 24.1 | 8.1 ± 14.8* | ||
| Recreational (MET/h) | 70.5 ± 57.0 | 57.4 ± 52.3* | 70.9 ± 53.6 | 55.5 ± 48.8* | ||
| Caloric intake (kcal) | 2,065 ± 1,149 | 1,789 ± 1,041* | 1,990 ± 1,178 | 1,851 ± 1,019* | ||
| % on meds for TG or BP | 22.0 | 17.8 | 21.2 | 15.7† | ||
| % women on HRT | – | 24.4 | – | 20.6 | ||
| Diabetes risk factors | ||||||
| 2-h glucose (mmol/l) | 9.0 ± 1.6 | 8.9 ± 1.5 | 9.0 ± 1.6 | 9.0 ± 1.6 | ||
| A1C (%) | 5.9 ± 0.6 | 5.9 ± 0.6 | 5.9 ± 0.7 | 5.9 ± 0.6 | ||
| Insulin (pmol/l) | 138 ± 102 | 144 ± 108 | 144 ± 90 | 144 ± 102 | ||
| Index of insulin secretion | ||||||
| CIR | 0.49 ± 0.4 | 0.56 ± 0.41* | 0.52 ± 0.49 | 0.57 ± 0.44* | ||
| Index of insulin action | ||||||
| HOMA-IR | 6.0 ± 4.6 | 6.0 ± 4.9 | 6.4 ± 4.2 | 6.2 ± 4.7 | ||
Data are medians ± interquartile range unless otherwise indicated. Twenty Pacific Islanders were included in the “Asian” group. Physical activity data are based on responses to the Modifiable Activity Questionnaire. MET-hours represent the average amount of time engaged in specified physical activities multiplied by the MET value of each activity. BP, blood pressure; HRT, hormone replacement therapy; TG, triglyceride.
P < 0.01, men vs. women;
P < 0.05, men vs. women.