Characteristics of individuals with NGT before development of i-IFG, i-IGT, or IFG/IGT or maintenance of NGT status
| . | NGT → NGT . | NGT → i-IFG . | NGT → i-IGT . | NGT → IFG/IGT . | P < 0.05* . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 2,842 | 83 | 192 | 28 | |
| Male sex (%) | 46.8 (45.0–48.7) | 77.1 (66.6–85.6) | 53.1 (45.8–60.3) | 67.9 (47.6–84.1) | a, c, d |
| Family history of diabetes (%) | 14.4 (13.2–15.8) | 22.9 (14.4–33.4) | 18.2 (13.0–24.4) | 39.3 (21.5;59.4) | a, c, e, f |
| Age (years) | 45.4 (45.2–45.7) | 48.6 (47.0–50.2) | 47.7 (46.6–48.7) | 49.0 (46.2–51.8) | a, b, c |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.2 (25.1–25.3) | 27.2 (26.4–28.1) | 26.4 (25.9–27.0) | 28.2 (26.7–29.6) | a, b, c, f |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 83.4 (82.9–83.8) | 92.3 (89.8–94.8) | 87.6 (85.9–89.2) | 95.4 (91.1–99.7) | a, b, c, e, f |
| Physical activity (min/week) | 305 (299–312) | 295 (260–331) | 275 (251–298) | 336 (276–396) | b |
| Dietary quality score (points) | 4.08 (4.03–4.14) | 3.69 (3.37–4.00) | 3.84 (3.63–4.04) | 3.64 (3.11–4.17) | b |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l) | 5.3 (5.3–5.3) | 5.7 (5.6–5.8) | 5.4 (5.3–5.4) | 5.8 (5.6–5.9) | a, c, d, f |
| 2-h plasma glucose (mmol/l) | 5.4 (5.4–5.5) | 5.8 (5.6–6.0) | 6.2 (6.0–6.3) | 6.4 (6.0–6.8) | a, b, c, d, e |
| Fasting serum insulin (pmol/l)† | 30 (21–43) | 38 (26–48) | 35 (24–56) | 34 (24–59) | a, b |
| 2-h serum insulin (pmol/l)† | 131 (83–196) | 148 (77–266) | 188 (124–284) | 161 (86–341) | a, b, c, d |
| ISI† | 2.64 (2.16–3.30) | 2.27 (1.85–3.00) | 2.13 (1.85–2.51) | 2.14 (1.63–3.02) | a, b, c, d |
| HOMA-IS† | 0.99 (0.67–1.42) | 0.74 (0.58–1.08) | 0.81 (0.51–1.20) | 0.78 (0.48–1.11) | a, b |
| EPIR† | 755 (559–973) | 637 (449–912) | 689 (494–1,014) | 501 (364–936) | a, c, d, f |
| DI† | 2,037 (1,464–2,728) | 1,507 (1,053–2,175) | 1,586 (1,112–2,182) | 1,209 (699–1,620) | a, b, c |
| . | NGT → NGT . | NGT → i-IFG . | NGT → i-IGT . | NGT → IFG/IGT . | P < 0.05* . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 2,842 | 83 | 192 | 28 | |
| Male sex (%) | 46.8 (45.0–48.7) | 77.1 (66.6–85.6) | 53.1 (45.8–60.3) | 67.9 (47.6–84.1) | a, c, d |
| Family history of diabetes (%) | 14.4 (13.2–15.8) | 22.9 (14.4–33.4) | 18.2 (13.0–24.4) | 39.3 (21.5;59.4) | a, c, e, f |
| Age (years) | 45.4 (45.2–45.7) | 48.6 (47.0–50.2) | 47.7 (46.6–48.7) | 49.0 (46.2–51.8) | a, b, c |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.2 (25.1–25.3) | 27.2 (26.4–28.1) | 26.4 (25.9–27.0) | 28.2 (26.7–29.6) | a, b, c, f |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 83.4 (82.9–83.8) | 92.3 (89.8–94.8) | 87.6 (85.9–89.2) | 95.4 (91.1–99.7) | a, b, c, e, f |
| Physical activity (min/week) | 305 (299–312) | 295 (260–331) | 275 (251–298) | 336 (276–396) | b |
| Dietary quality score (points) | 4.08 (4.03–4.14) | 3.69 (3.37–4.00) | 3.84 (3.63–4.04) | 3.64 (3.11–4.17) | b |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l) | 5.3 (5.3–5.3) | 5.7 (5.6–5.8) | 5.4 (5.3–5.4) | 5.8 (5.6–5.9) | a, c, d, f |
| 2-h plasma glucose (mmol/l) | 5.4 (5.4–5.5) | 5.8 (5.6–6.0) | 6.2 (6.0–6.3) | 6.4 (6.0–6.8) | a, b, c, d, e |
| Fasting serum insulin (pmol/l)† | 30 (21–43) | 38 (26–48) | 35 (24–56) | 34 (24–59) | a, b |
| 2-h serum insulin (pmol/l)† | 131 (83–196) | 148 (77–266) | 188 (124–284) | 161 (86–341) | a, b, c, d |
| ISI† | 2.64 (2.16–3.30) | 2.27 (1.85–3.00) | 2.13 (1.85–2.51) | 2.14 (1.63–3.02) | a, b, c, d |
| HOMA-IS† | 0.99 (0.67–1.42) | 0.74 (0.58–1.08) | 0.81 (0.51–1.20) | 0.78 (0.48–1.11) | a, b |
| EPIR† | 755 (559–973) | 637 (449–912) | 689 (494–1,014) | 501 (364–936) | a, c, d, f |
| DI† | 2,037 (1,464–2,728) | 1,507 (1,053–2,175) | 1,586 (1,112–2,182) | 1,209 (699–1,620) | a, b, c |
Data are unadjusted means and proportions (95% CI) unless otherwise indicated. Baseline, n = 3,145. P values are adjusted for age and sex.
P values for BMI were further adjusted for baseline physical activity level. P values for HOMA-IS, ISI, EPIR, and DI were further adjusted for family history of diabetes as well as baseline values of BMI, smoking, physical activity, and dietary quality. Wald test from linear models: a, i-IFG vs. NGT; b, i-IGT vs. NGT; c, IFG/IGT vs. NGT; d, i-IGT vs. i-IFG; e, IFG/IGT vs. i-IFG; f, IFG/IGT vs. i-IGT.
Unadjusted medians (interquartile range).