Characteristics of individuals with incident i-IFG, i-IGT, IFG/IGT, or NGT (5-year follow-up)
| . | NGT → NGT . | NGT → i-IFG . | NGT → i-IGT . | NGT → IFG/IGT . | P < 0.05* . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 2,842 | 83 | 192 | 28 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.6 (25.5–25.8) | 28.2 (27.4–29.1) | 27.4 (26.8–27.9) | 29.1 (27.6–30.6) | a, b, c |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 86.5 (86.1–86.9) | 95.9 (93.4–98.5) | 91.8 (90.1–93.5) | 98.5 (94.1–102.9) | a, b, c, f |
| Physical activity (min/week) | 301 (296–307) | 299 (265–333) | 256 (233–279) | 309 (250–368) | b |
| Dietary quality score (points) | 4.60 (4.54–4.65) | 4.37 (4.06–4.69) | 4.25 (4.04–4.46) | 4.46 (3.89–5.03) | b |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l) | 5.2 (5.2–5.2) | 6.4 (6.3–6.4) | 5.4 (5.1–5.4) | 6.4 (6.2–6.6) | a, b, c, d, f |
| 2-h plasma glucose (mmol/l) | 5.2 (5.2–5.3) | 5.8 (5.6–6.0) | 8.6 (8.5–8.8) | 8.5 (8.1–8.9) | a, b, c, d, e |
| Fasting serum insulin (pmol/l)† | 27 (20–39) | 48 (34–67) | 37 (25–54) | 56 (37–91) | a, b, c, d, f |
| 2-h serum insulin (pmol/l)† | 139 (85–211) | 202 (103–292) | 365 (231–560) | 361 (246–571) | a, b, c, d, e |
| ISI† | 2.68 (2.19–3.43) | 1.99 (1.69–2.54) | 1.47 (1.27–1.67) | 1.36 (1.20–1.58) | a, b, c, d, e |
| HOMA-IS† | 1.11 (0.75–1.54) | 0.51 (0.36–0.73) | 0.79 (0.54–1.17) | 0.45 (0.33–0.67) | a, b, c, d, f |
| EPIR† | 746 (569–978) | 639 (380–960) | 670 (447–903) | 586 (365–1,001) | a, b, c, f |
| DI† | 2,084 (1,514–2,864) | 1,325 (918–1,949) | 1,047 (656–1,312) | 815 (516–1,185) | a, b, c, d, e |
| . | NGT → NGT . | NGT → i-IFG . | NGT → i-IGT . | NGT → IFG/IGT . | P < 0.05* . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 2,842 | 83 | 192 | 28 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.6 (25.5–25.8) | 28.2 (27.4–29.1) | 27.4 (26.8–27.9) | 29.1 (27.6–30.6) | a, b, c |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 86.5 (86.1–86.9) | 95.9 (93.4–98.5) | 91.8 (90.1–93.5) | 98.5 (94.1–102.9) | a, b, c, f |
| Physical activity (min/week) | 301 (296–307) | 299 (265–333) | 256 (233–279) | 309 (250–368) | b |
| Dietary quality score (points) | 4.60 (4.54–4.65) | 4.37 (4.06–4.69) | 4.25 (4.04–4.46) | 4.46 (3.89–5.03) | b |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l) | 5.2 (5.2–5.2) | 6.4 (6.3–6.4) | 5.4 (5.1–5.4) | 6.4 (6.2–6.6) | a, b, c, d, f |
| 2-h plasma glucose (mmol/l) | 5.2 (5.2–5.3) | 5.8 (5.6–6.0) | 8.6 (8.5–8.8) | 8.5 (8.1–8.9) | a, b, c, d, e |
| Fasting serum insulin (pmol/l)† | 27 (20–39) | 48 (34–67) | 37 (25–54) | 56 (37–91) | a, b, c, d, f |
| 2-h serum insulin (pmol/l)† | 139 (85–211) | 202 (103–292) | 365 (231–560) | 361 (246–571) | a, b, c, d, e |
| ISI† | 2.68 (2.19–3.43) | 1.99 (1.69–2.54) | 1.47 (1.27–1.67) | 1.36 (1.20–1.58) | a, b, c, d, e |
| HOMA-IS† | 1.11 (0.75–1.54) | 0.51 (0.36–0.73) | 0.79 (0.54–1.17) | 0.45 (0.33–0.67) | a, b, c, d, f |
| EPIR† | 746 (569–978) | 639 (380–960) | 670 (447–903) | 586 (365–1,001) | a, b, c, f |
| DI† | 2,084 (1,514–2,864) | 1,325 (918–1,949) | 1,047 (656–1,312) | 815 (516–1,185) | a, b, c, d, e |
Data are unadjusted means and proportions (95% CI) unless otherwise indicated. n = 3,145.
P values are adjusted for age, sex, and risk/intervention group. P values for BMI were further adjusted for 5-year physical activity level. P values for ISI, HOMA-IS, EPIR, and DI were further adjusted for family history of diabetes as well as 5-year values of BMI, smoking, physical activity, and dietary quality. Wald test from linear models: a, i-IFG vs. NGT; b, i-IGT vs. NGT; c, IFG/IGT vs. NGT; d, i-IGT vs. i-IFG; e, IFG/IGT vs. i-IFG; f, IFG/IGT vs. i-IGT.
Unadjusted medians (interquartile range).