Descriptive statistics of studies included in the meta-analysis
| . | Intervention period (weeks) . | Dropout (%) . | LFHC . | HFLC . | Age (years) . | Men (%) . | BMI . | Using antihyperglycemia agents (%) . | Diabetes duration (years) . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n . | C/F/P (%) . | n . | C/F/P (%) . | ||||||||
| Campbell et al. (1994; ref. 13) | 2 | N/A | 10 | 55/22/23 | 10 | 40/37/23 | 55 | 100 | 26.5 | 10 | 5 |
| Chen et al. (1995; ref. 14) | 6 | N/A | 9 | 55/30/15 | 9 | 40/45/15 | 49 | 67 | 27.5 | N/A | N/A |
| Coulston et al. (1989; ref. 15) | 6 | 0 | 8 | 60/20/20 | 8 | 40/40/20 | 66 | 63 | 25.5 | 75 | N/A |
| Fuh et al. (1990; ref. 16) | 2 | N/A | 11 | 60/20/20 | 11 | 40/40/20 | 58 | 100 | 25.8 | 100 | N/A |
| Garg et al. (1992; ref. 17) | 3 | N/A | 8 | 60/25/15 | 8 | 35/50/15 | 63 | 100 | 30 | 0 | N/A |
| Garg et al. (1994; ref. 18) | 6 | 0 | 42 | 55/30/15 | 42 | 40/45/15 | 58 | 79 | 28.1 | 100 | N/A |
| Heilbronn et al. (1999a; ref. 19) | 12 | 17 | 12 | 73/10/17 | 10 | 50/32/18 | 58 | 27 | 32.9 | 58 | 5 |
| Heilbronn et al. (1999b; ref. 19) | 12 | 15 | 12 | 73/10/17 | 13 | 50/32/18 | 58 | 20 | 33.1 | 52 | 6 |
| Lovejoy et al. (2002a; ref. 20) | 4 | 12 | 30 | 58/27/15 | 30 | 46/39/15 | 54 | 43 | 33 | 47 | N/A |
| Lovejoy et al. (2002b; ref. 20) | 4 | 12 | 30 | 58/27/15 | 30 | 46/39/15 | 54 | 43 | 33 | 47 | N/A |
| Luscombe et al. (1999; ref. 21) | 4 | 25 | 21 | 53/21/26 | 21 | 42/35/23 | 57 | 67 | 30.4 | 76 | 6 |
| Miyashita et al. (2004; ref. 22) | 4 | N/A | 11 | 63/10/27 | 11 | 40/35/25 | 52 | 73 | 27 | 0 | N/A |
| Parillo et al. (1992; ref. 23) | 2 | 0 | 10 | 60/20/20 | 10 | 40/40/20 | 53 | 70 | 26.7 | 50 | 8 |
| Parillo et al. (1996a; ref. 24) | 2 | 0 | 9 | 60/20/20 | 9 | 40/40/20 | 48 | N/A | 24.7 | 0 | 6 |
| Parillo et al. (1996b; ref. 24) | 2 | 0 | 9 | 60/20/20 | 9 | 40/40/20 | 50 | N/A | 24.6 | 100 | 8 |
| Rodriguez-Villar et al. (2000; ref. 25) | 6 | 25 | 12 | 55/30/15 | 12 | 45/40/15 | N/A | N/A | 27.9 | N/A | 6 |
| Rodriguez-Villar et al. (2004; ref. 26) | 6 | 15 | 22 | 55/30/15 | 22 | 45/40/15 | 61 | 54 | 28.3 | N/A | N/A |
| Rusmussen et al. (1994; refs. 27, 28) | 3 | N/A | 15 | 50/30/20 | 15 | 30/50/20 | 57 | 67 | 27 | 47 | 6 |
| Sestoft et al. (1985; ref. 29) | 1.4 | N/A | 8 | 50/30/20 | 8 | 42/36/22 | 48 | 50 | 22.7 | 0 | 5 |
| Simpson et al. (1982; ref. 30) | 4 | N/A | 10 | 60/22/18 | 10 | 35/47/18 | 58 | N/A | 26.2 | 80 | 6 |
| Storm et al. (1997a; ref. 31) | 3 | 0 | 15 | 50/30/20 | 15 | 40/45/15 | 53 | 53 | 29.7 | 73 | 6 |
| Storm et al. (1997b; ref. 31) | 3 | 0 | 15 | 50/30/20 | 15 | 40/45/15 | 53 | 53 | 29.7 | 73 | 6 |
| Median | 4 | 6 | 12 | 58/24/20 | 12 | 40/40/20 | 55 | 65 | 27.7 | 52 | 6 |
| Minimum | 1.4 | 0 | 8 | 8 | 48 | 20 | 22.7 | 0 | 5 | ||
| Maximum | 12 | 25 | 42 | 42 | 66 | 100 | 33.1 | 100 | 8 | ||
| . | Intervention period (weeks) . | Dropout (%) . | LFHC . | HFLC . | Age (years) . | Men (%) . | BMI . | Using antihyperglycemia agents (%) . | Diabetes duration (years) . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n . | C/F/P (%) . | n . | C/F/P (%) . | ||||||||
| Campbell et al. (1994; ref. 13) | 2 | N/A | 10 | 55/22/23 | 10 | 40/37/23 | 55 | 100 | 26.5 | 10 | 5 |
| Chen et al. (1995; ref. 14) | 6 | N/A | 9 | 55/30/15 | 9 | 40/45/15 | 49 | 67 | 27.5 | N/A | N/A |
| Coulston et al. (1989; ref. 15) | 6 | 0 | 8 | 60/20/20 | 8 | 40/40/20 | 66 | 63 | 25.5 | 75 | N/A |
| Fuh et al. (1990; ref. 16) | 2 | N/A | 11 | 60/20/20 | 11 | 40/40/20 | 58 | 100 | 25.8 | 100 | N/A |
| Garg et al. (1992; ref. 17) | 3 | N/A | 8 | 60/25/15 | 8 | 35/50/15 | 63 | 100 | 30 | 0 | N/A |
| Garg et al. (1994; ref. 18) | 6 | 0 | 42 | 55/30/15 | 42 | 40/45/15 | 58 | 79 | 28.1 | 100 | N/A |
| Heilbronn et al. (1999a; ref. 19) | 12 | 17 | 12 | 73/10/17 | 10 | 50/32/18 | 58 | 27 | 32.9 | 58 | 5 |
| Heilbronn et al. (1999b; ref. 19) | 12 | 15 | 12 | 73/10/17 | 13 | 50/32/18 | 58 | 20 | 33.1 | 52 | 6 |
| Lovejoy et al. (2002a; ref. 20) | 4 | 12 | 30 | 58/27/15 | 30 | 46/39/15 | 54 | 43 | 33 | 47 | N/A |
| Lovejoy et al. (2002b; ref. 20) | 4 | 12 | 30 | 58/27/15 | 30 | 46/39/15 | 54 | 43 | 33 | 47 | N/A |
| Luscombe et al. (1999; ref. 21) | 4 | 25 | 21 | 53/21/26 | 21 | 42/35/23 | 57 | 67 | 30.4 | 76 | 6 |
| Miyashita et al. (2004; ref. 22) | 4 | N/A | 11 | 63/10/27 | 11 | 40/35/25 | 52 | 73 | 27 | 0 | N/A |
| Parillo et al. (1992; ref. 23) | 2 | 0 | 10 | 60/20/20 | 10 | 40/40/20 | 53 | 70 | 26.7 | 50 | 8 |
| Parillo et al. (1996a; ref. 24) | 2 | 0 | 9 | 60/20/20 | 9 | 40/40/20 | 48 | N/A | 24.7 | 0 | 6 |
| Parillo et al. (1996b; ref. 24) | 2 | 0 | 9 | 60/20/20 | 9 | 40/40/20 | 50 | N/A | 24.6 | 100 | 8 |
| Rodriguez-Villar et al. (2000; ref. 25) | 6 | 25 | 12 | 55/30/15 | 12 | 45/40/15 | N/A | N/A | 27.9 | N/A | 6 |
| Rodriguez-Villar et al. (2004; ref. 26) | 6 | 15 | 22 | 55/30/15 | 22 | 45/40/15 | 61 | 54 | 28.3 | N/A | N/A |
| Rusmussen et al. (1994; refs. 27, 28) | 3 | N/A | 15 | 50/30/20 | 15 | 30/50/20 | 57 | 67 | 27 | 47 | 6 |
| Sestoft et al. (1985; ref. 29) | 1.4 | N/A | 8 | 50/30/20 | 8 | 42/36/22 | 48 | 50 | 22.7 | 0 | 5 |
| Simpson et al. (1982; ref. 30) | 4 | N/A | 10 | 60/22/18 | 10 | 35/47/18 | 58 | N/A | 26.2 | 80 | 6 |
| Storm et al. (1997a; ref. 31) | 3 | 0 | 15 | 50/30/20 | 15 | 40/45/15 | 53 | 53 | 29.7 | 73 | 6 |
| Storm et al. (1997b; ref. 31) | 3 | 0 | 15 | 50/30/20 | 15 | 40/45/15 | 53 | 53 | 29.7 | 73 | 6 |
| Median | 4 | 6 | 12 | 58/24/20 | 12 | 40/40/20 | 55 | 65 | 27.7 | 52 | 6 |
| Minimum | 1.4 | 0 | 8 | 8 | 48 | 20 | 22.7 | 0 | 5 | ||
| Maximum | 12 | 25 | 42 | 42 | 66 | 100 | 33.1 | 100 | 8 | ||
C/F/P, proportion of carbohydrate/fat/protein to total energy of the prescribed diet; N/A, not assessed.