Characteristics of adults with a self-report of diabetes by nativity status; MEPS, 2001–2006
| . | Foreign born . | U.S. born . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 1,272 | 5,811 | |
| Demographics | |||
| Age (years) | 58.9 ± 0.5 | 60.6 ± 0.2 | <0.001 |
| Male (%) | 48.9 ± 3.0 | 49.1 ± 0.3 | 0.955 |
| Race/ethnicity (%) | |||
| Hispanic | 54.1 ± 2.3 | 7.3 ± 0.4 | <0.001 |
| White | 70.0 ± 2.9 | 82.1 ± 1.8 | <0.001 |
| Black | 8.0 ± 2.3 | 16.8 ± 1.8 | 0.003 |
| Asian | 21.4 ± 1.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | <0.001 |
| Other | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.367 |
| Married (%) | 67.2 ± 0.3 | 58.9 ± 0.6 | <0.001 |
| Education (years) | 9.9 ± 0.3 | 12.2 ± 0.1 | <0.001 |
| Personal income ($) | 22,566.6 ± 1,249.6 | 25,595.2 ± 342.1 | 0.019 |
| Residence (%) | |||
| Urban | 93.0 ± 1.5 | 75.2 ± 2.7 | <0.001 |
| Midwest | 7.7 ± 1.5 | 23.2 ± 0.3 | <0.001 |
| South | 29.0 ± 2.8 | 42.7 ± 2.2 | <0.001 |
| Northeast | 23.7 ± 1.0 | 16.2 ± 0.8 | <0.001 |
| West | 39.6 ± 4.6 | 17.9 ± 1.5 | <0.001 |
| Acculturation (%) | |||
| Speak Spanish | 12.8 ± 2.6 | N/A | N/A |
| U.S. residency 15 or more years | 79.8 ± 1.9 | N/A | N/A |
| Health care access (%) | |||
| Insurance status | |||
| Private | 47.5 ± 2.4 | 66.1 ± 0.6 | <0.001 |
| Public | 38.7 ± 2.2 | 28.7 ± 0.9 | <0.001 |
| None | 13.9 ± 1.5 | 5.2 ± 0.5 | <0.001 |
| Have usual source of care | 91.8 ± 1.8 | 95.6 ± 0.2 | 0.038 |
| Health status and behaviors (%) | |||
| BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 | 74.0 ± 0.8 | 83.4 ± 0.2 | <0.001 |
| Current smoker | 9.9 ± 1.0 | 17.6 ± 0.6 | <0.001 |
| Self-reported fair/poor health | 43.7 ± 1.7 | 38.3 ± 1.5 | 0.016 |
| Cardiovascular disease history | 24.7 ± 0.9 | 36.1 ± 0.3 | <0.001 |
| Hypertensive | 62.7 ± 3.1 | 69.5 ± 0.7 | 0.032 |
| Diabetes characteristics (%) | |||
| Therapy | |||
| Insulin | 19.8 ± 2.9 | 26.5 ± 0.3 | 0.020 |
| Oral medication | 79.3 ± 1.3 | 72.9 ± 0.6 | <0.001 |
| Insulin and oral medication | 13.8 ± 2.4 | 12.5 ± 0.4 | 0.595 |
| Diet modification | 78.9 ± 0.9 | 81.1 ± 0.2 | 0.012 |
| No diet/drug treatment | 5.2 ± 0.5 | 1.8 ± 0.1 | <0.001 |
| Complications | |||
| Nephropathy | 9.9 ± 0.5 | 12.4 ± 0.2 | <0.001 |
| Retinopathy | 27.7 ± 1.4 | 23.7 ± 0.7 | 0.014 |
| . | Foreign born . | U.S. born . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 1,272 | 5,811 | |
| Demographics | |||
| Age (years) | 58.9 ± 0.5 | 60.6 ± 0.2 | <0.001 |
| Male (%) | 48.9 ± 3.0 | 49.1 ± 0.3 | 0.955 |
| Race/ethnicity (%) | |||
| Hispanic | 54.1 ± 2.3 | 7.3 ± 0.4 | <0.001 |
| White | 70.0 ± 2.9 | 82.1 ± 1.8 | <0.001 |
| Black | 8.0 ± 2.3 | 16.8 ± 1.8 | 0.003 |
| Asian | 21.4 ± 1.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | <0.001 |
| Other | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.367 |
| Married (%) | 67.2 ± 0.3 | 58.9 ± 0.6 | <0.001 |
| Education (years) | 9.9 ± 0.3 | 12.2 ± 0.1 | <0.001 |
| Personal income ($) | 22,566.6 ± 1,249.6 | 25,595.2 ± 342.1 | 0.019 |
| Residence (%) | |||
| Urban | 93.0 ± 1.5 | 75.2 ± 2.7 | <0.001 |
| Midwest | 7.7 ± 1.5 | 23.2 ± 0.3 | <0.001 |
| South | 29.0 ± 2.8 | 42.7 ± 2.2 | <0.001 |
| Northeast | 23.7 ± 1.0 | 16.2 ± 0.8 | <0.001 |
| West | 39.6 ± 4.6 | 17.9 ± 1.5 | <0.001 |
| Acculturation (%) | |||
| Speak Spanish | 12.8 ± 2.6 | N/A | N/A |
| U.S. residency 15 or more years | 79.8 ± 1.9 | N/A | N/A |
| Health care access (%) | |||
| Insurance status | |||
| Private | 47.5 ± 2.4 | 66.1 ± 0.6 | <0.001 |
| Public | 38.7 ± 2.2 | 28.7 ± 0.9 | <0.001 |
| None | 13.9 ± 1.5 | 5.2 ± 0.5 | <0.001 |
| Have usual source of care | 91.8 ± 1.8 | 95.6 ± 0.2 | 0.038 |
| Health status and behaviors (%) | |||
| BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 | 74.0 ± 0.8 | 83.4 ± 0.2 | <0.001 |
| Current smoker | 9.9 ± 1.0 | 17.6 ± 0.6 | <0.001 |
| Self-reported fair/poor health | 43.7 ± 1.7 | 38.3 ± 1.5 | 0.016 |
| Cardiovascular disease history | 24.7 ± 0.9 | 36.1 ± 0.3 | <0.001 |
| Hypertensive | 62.7 ± 3.1 | 69.5 ± 0.7 | 0.032 |
| Diabetes characteristics (%) | |||
| Therapy | |||
| Insulin | 19.8 ± 2.9 | 26.5 ± 0.3 | 0.020 |
| Oral medication | 79.3 ± 1.3 | 72.9 ± 0.6 | <0.001 |
| Insulin and oral medication | 13.8 ± 2.4 | 12.5 ± 0.4 | 0.595 |
| Diet modification | 78.9 ± 0.9 | 81.1 ± 0.2 | 0.012 |
| No diet/drug treatment | 5.2 ± 0.5 | 1.8 ± 0.1 | <0.001 |
| Complications | |||
| Nephropathy | 9.9 ± 0.5 | 12.4 ± 0.2 | <0.001 |
| Retinopathy | 27.7 ± 1.4 | 23.7 ± 0.7 | 0.014 |
Data are means ± SD. N/A, not available.