Risk of incident metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes according to diet soda consumption categories in participants from MESA
| . | Rare or never . | > rare/never but <1 serving/week . | ≥1 serving/week to <1 serving/day . | ≥1 serving/day . | Ptrend* . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic syndrome | |||||
| n | 2,288 | 367 | 722 | 501 | |
| Cases | 478 | 95 | 169 | 129 | |
| HR (95% CI) | 1.00† | 1.34 (1.07–1.67) | 1.20 (1.00–1.43) | 1.31 (1.07–1.60) | 0.003 |
| 1.00‡ | 1.42 (1.14–1.78) | 1.28 (1.06–1.53) | 1.36 (1.11–1.66) | <0.001 | |
| 1.00§ | 1.31 (1.05–1.64) | 1.13 (0.94–1.37) | 1.18 (0.96–1.44) | 0.06 | |
| 1.00‖ | 1.30 (1.04–1.62) | 1.15 (0.95–1.38) | 1.17 (0.96–1.44) | 0.06 | |
| Type 2 diabetes | |||||
| n | 2,961 | 455 | 914 | 681 | |
| Cases | 221 | 33 | 84 | 75 | |
| HR (95% CI) | 1.00† | 1.06 (0.73–1.52) | 1.39 (1.07–1.80) | 1.63 (1.24–2.13) | <0.001 |
| 1.00‡ | 1.10 (0.76–1.59) | 1.46 (1.12–1.89) | 1.67 (1.27–2.20) | <0.001 | |
| 1.00§ | 1.00 (0.69–1.45) | 1.23 (0.94–1.60) | 1.40 (1.06–1.84) | 0.01 | |
| 1.00‖ | 0.98 (0.68–1.42) | 1.25 (0.96–1.62) | 1.38 (1.04–1.82) | 0.01 |
| . | Rare or never . | > rare/never but <1 serving/week . | ≥1 serving/week to <1 serving/day . | ≥1 serving/day . | Ptrend* . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic syndrome | |||||
| n | 2,288 | 367 | 722 | 501 | |
| Cases | 478 | 95 | 169 | 129 | |
| HR (95% CI) | 1.00† | 1.34 (1.07–1.67) | 1.20 (1.00–1.43) | 1.31 (1.07–1.60) | 0.003 |
| 1.00‡ | 1.42 (1.14–1.78) | 1.28 (1.06–1.53) | 1.36 (1.11–1.66) | <0.001 | |
| 1.00§ | 1.31 (1.05–1.64) | 1.13 (0.94–1.37) | 1.18 (0.96–1.44) | 0.06 | |
| 1.00‖ | 1.30 (1.04–1.62) | 1.15 (0.95–1.38) | 1.17 (0.96–1.44) | 0.06 | |
| Type 2 diabetes | |||||
| n | 2,961 | 455 | 914 | 681 | |
| Cases | 221 | 33 | 84 | 75 | |
| HR (95% CI) | 1.00† | 1.06 (0.73–1.52) | 1.39 (1.07–1.80) | 1.63 (1.24–2.13) | <0.001 |
| 1.00‡ | 1.10 (0.76–1.59) | 1.46 (1.12–1.89) | 1.67 (1.27–2.20) | <0.001 | |
| 1.00§ | 1.00 (0.69–1.45) | 1.23 (0.94–1.60) | 1.40 (1.06–1.84) | 0.01 | |
| 1.00‖ | 0.98 (0.68–1.42) | 1.25 (0.96–1.62) | 1.38 (1.04–1.82) | 0.01 |
n = 5,011.
*Ptrend with categorical variable modeled continuously.
†Model 1 adjusted for study site, age, sex, race/ethnicity, and energy intake.
‡Model 2 adjusted for the variables in model 1 above plus education, physical activity, smoking status, pack-years, and weekly or more supplement use.
§Adjusted for the variables in model 2 above + waist circumference (centimeters).
‖Adjusted for the variables in model 2 above + waist circumference (centimeters) and BMI (weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters).