Risk of developing metabolic syndrome components according to diet soda intake categories in participants from MESA
| . | Rare or never . | More often than rare/never but <1 serving/week . | ≥1 serving/week to <1 serving/day . | ≥1 serving/day . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blood pressure* | ||||
| n | 1,990 | 322 | 602 | 449 |
| Cases | 512 | 74 | 144 | 113 |
| HR (95% CI)† | 1.00 (model 2) | 1.07 (0.83–1.37) | 1.11 (0.91–1.34) | 1.17 (0.95–1.45) |
| Waist circumference* | ||||
| n | 1,544 | 208 | 399 | 277 |
| Cases | 282 | 44 | 93 | 81 |
| HR (95% CI)† | 1.00 (model 2) | 1.13 (0.82–1.57) | 1.22 (0.95–1.55) | 1.59 (1.23–2.07) |
| HDL cholesterol* | ||||
| n | 1,881 | 306 | 609 | 434 |
| Cases | 604 | 97 | 173 | 127 |
| HR (95% CI)† | 1.00 (model 2) | 1.12 (0.88–1.44) | 0.96 (0.78–1.17) | 1.05 (0.84–1.30) |
| Triglycerides* | ||||
| n | 2,143 | 344 | 666 | 476 |
| Cases | 499 | 78 | 156 | 115 |
| HR (95% CI)† | 1.00 (model 2) | 1.05 (0.82–1.33) | 1.10 (0.91–1.33) | 1.04 (0.84–1.28) |
| Fasting glucose* | ||||
| n | 2,453 | 400 | 793 | 584 |
| Cases | 664 | 97 | 215 | 177 |
| HR (95% CI)† | 1.00 (model 2) | 0.97 (0.78–1.21) | 1.13 (0.96–1.32) | 1.28 (1.08–1.52) |
| . | Rare or never . | More often than rare/never but <1 serving/week . | ≥1 serving/week to <1 serving/day . | ≥1 serving/day . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blood pressure* | ||||
| n | 1,990 | 322 | 602 | 449 |
| Cases | 512 | 74 | 144 | 113 |
| HR (95% CI)† | 1.00 (model 2) | 1.07 (0.83–1.37) | 1.11 (0.91–1.34) | 1.17 (0.95–1.45) |
| Waist circumference* | ||||
| n | 1,544 | 208 | 399 | 277 |
| Cases | 282 | 44 | 93 | 81 |
| HR (95% CI)† | 1.00 (model 2) | 1.13 (0.82–1.57) | 1.22 (0.95–1.55) | 1.59 (1.23–2.07) |
| HDL cholesterol* | ||||
| n | 1,881 | 306 | 609 | 434 |
| Cases | 604 | 97 | 173 | 127 |
| HR (95% CI)† | 1.00 (model 2) | 1.12 (0.88–1.44) | 0.96 (0.78–1.17) | 1.05 (0.84–1.30) |
| Triglycerides* | ||||
| n | 2,143 | 344 | 666 | 476 |
| Cases | 499 | 78 | 156 | 115 |
| HR (95% CI)† | 1.00 (model 2) | 1.05 (0.82–1.33) | 1.10 (0.91–1.33) | 1.04 (0.84–1.28) |
| Fasting glucose* | ||||
| n | 2,453 | 400 | 793 | 584 |
| Cases | 664 | 97 | 215 | 177 |
| HR (95% CI)† | 1.00 (model 2) | 0.97 (0.78–1.21) | 1.13 (0.96–1.32) | 1.28 (1.08–1.52) |
*Metabolic syndrome components are defined as follows: high blood pressure: systolic blood pressure ≥130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mmHg or taking antihypertensive mediation; high waist circumference: ≥102 cm if male or ≥88 cm if female; low HDL cholesterol: <40 mg/dl if male or <50 mg/dl if female; high triglycerides: ≥150 mg/dl; high fasting glucose: ≥100 mg/dl.
†Model 2 adjusted for study site, age, sex, race/ethnicity, energy intake education, physical activity, smoking status, pack-years, and weekly supplement use or more.