American Diabetes Association

Table 2

Changes in risk factors from baseline to 1-year visit according to weight loss

	Weight loss ≥5%		Weight loss 2.5–4.9%		Stable weight*		Gained ≥2.5%		ANCOVA P value†
	n	Mean ± SD	n	Mean ± SD	n	Mean ± SD	n	Mean ± SD	ANCOVA P value†
Weight (kg)	490	−8.5 ± 6.5‡§	471	−3.1 ± 0.9‡§	1,290	−0.1 ± 1.2	546	4.5 ± 3.7‡§	<0.001
BMI (kg/m²)	489	−3.0 ± 2.3‡§	470	−1.1 ± 0.3‡§	1,285	−0.04 ± 0.46	541	1.6 ± 1.0‡§	<0.001
Waist (cm)	477	−6.6 ± 6.1‡§	449	−2.7 ± 4.2‡§	1,258	−0.4 ± 4.2	525	2.6 ± 5.1‡§	<0.001
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	480	−4.4 ± 14.4‡§	464	−3.1 ± 15.4‡§	1,267	−0.7 ± 14.5	536	0.5 ± 15.1‡	<0.001
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	480	−3.8 ± 8.4‡§	464	−2.2 ± 8.3	1,267	−1.1 ± 8.4	536	−0.1 ± 8.7	<0.001
Lipids (mmol/l)
Total cholesterol	438	−0.35 ± 0.78	411	−0.23 ± 0.92	1,148	−0.15 ± 0.78	482	−0.02 ± 0.81‡§	<0.001
HDL cholesterol	430	0.10 ± 0.25‡§	408	0.05 ± 0.29	1,138	0.02 ± 0.27	476	−0.01 ± 0.31	<0.001
LDL cholesterol	420	−0.33 ± 0.71‡§	400	−0.22 ± 0.89	1,111	−0.17 ± 0.72	463	−0.07 ± 0.74‡	<0.001
Triglycerides	430	−0.29 ± 0.66‡§	406	−0.15 ± 0.95‡§	1,133	−0.01 ± 0.76	473	0.12 ± 0.95‡§	<0.001

	Weight loss ≥5%		Weight loss 2.5–4.9%		Stable weight*		Gained ≥2.5%		ANCOVA P value†
	n	Mean ± SD	n	Mean ± SD	n	Mean ± SD	n	Mean ± SD	ANCOVA P value†
Weight (kg)	490	−8.5 ± 6.5‡§	471	−3.1 ± 0.9‡§	1,290	−0.1 ± 1.2	546	4.5 ± 3.7‡§	<0.001
BMI (kg/m²)	489	−3.0 ± 2.3‡§	470	−1.1 ± 0.3‡§	1,285	−0.04 ± 0.46	541	1.6 ± 1.0‡§	<0.001
Waist (cm)	477	−6.6 ± 6.1‡§	449	−2.7 ± 4.2‡§	1,258	−0.4 ± 4.2	525	2.6 ± 5.1‡§	<0.001
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	480	−4.4 ± 14.4‡§	464	−3.1 ± 15.4‡§	1,267	−0.7 ± 14.5	536	0.5 ± 15.1‡	<0.001
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	480	−3.8 ± 8.4‡§	464	−2.2 ± 8.3	1,267	−1.1 ± 8.4	536	−0.1 ± 8.7	<0.001
Lipids (mmol/l)
Total cholesterol	438	−0.35 ± 0.78	411	−0.23 ± 0.92	1,148	−0.15 ± 0.78	482	−0.02 ± 0.81‡§	<0.001
HDL cholesterol	430	0.10 ± 0.25‡§	408	0.05 ± 0.29	1,138	0.02 ± 0.27	476	−0.01 ± 0.31	<0.001
LDL cholesterol	420	−0.33 ± 0.71‡§	400	−0.22 ± 0.89	1,111	−0.17 ± 0.72	463	−0.07 ± 0.74‡	<0.001
Triglycerides	430	−0.29 ± 0.66‡§	406	−0.15 ± 0.95‡§	1,133	−0.01 ± 0.76	473	0.12 ± 0.95‡§	<0.001

*Weight loss <2.5% or weight gain <2.5%.

†ANCOVA for overall and pairwise comparisons of mean changes between the groups; analyses were adjusted for age (‡) or for age and sex (§).

‡Pairwise comparisons between groups, P < 0.05 (stable weight served as the reference group).

§Pairwise comparisons between groups, P < 0.05 (stable weight served as the reference group).