Patient characteristics
| Total study admissions | 4,368 |
| Unique subjects | 2,582 |
| Mean age (years)* | 63.6 ± 15.1 |
| Female sex | 1,325 (51.3) |
| Ethnicity | |
| White | 1,517 (58.8) |
| Black | 544 (21.1) |
| Hispanic | 273 (10.6) |
| Other/unknown | 248 (9.6) |
| Insurance | |
| Medicare | 1,428 (55.3) |
| Medicaid | 332 (12.6) |
| Commercial | 800 (31.0) |
| Self-pay | 22 (0.9) |
| Admission service | |
| Medical | 2,702 (61.9) |
| Surgical | 1,660 (38.0) |
| Unknown | 6 (0.1) |
| Glomerular filtration rate (ml/min) | 64.6 ± 38.4 |
| Mean modified Charlson Comorbidities Index† | 4.9 ± 3.3 |
| Received sliding-scale insulin | 3,479 (79.6) |
| Received scheduled insulin | 1,427 (32.7) |
| Received oral antihyperglycemic agents | 1,530 (35.0) |
| Received insulin secretagogues | 1,069 (24.5) |
| Actual LOS (days) | 4.9 ± 5.5 |
| Deviation from DRG-based LOS (days) | −0.8 ± 5.0 |
| Mean blood glucose (mg/dl)‡ | 168.8 ± 48.0 |
| Mean days with hypoglycemia | 0.1 ± 0.41 |
| Deceased during the admission | 43 (1.0) |
| Deceased within a year from discharge§ | 388 (17.9) |
| Total study admissions | 4,368 |
| Unique subjects | 2,582 |
| Mean age (years)* | 63.6 ± 15.1 |
| Female sex | 1,325 (51.3) |
| Ethnicity | |
| White | 1,517 (58.8) |
| Black | 544 (21.1) |
| Hispanic | 273 (10.6) |
| Other/unknown | 248 (9.6) |
| Insurance | |
| Medicare | 1,428 (55.3) |
| Medicaid | 332 (12.6) |
| Commercial | 800 (31.0) |
| Self-pay | 22 (0.9) |
| Admission service | |
| Medical | 2,702 (61.9) |
| Surgical | 1,660 (38.0) |
| Unknown | 6 (0.1) |
| Glomerular filtration rate (ml/min) | 64.6 ± 38.4 |
| Mean modified Charlson Comorbidities Index† | 4.9 ± 3.3 |
| Received sliding-scale insulin | 3,479 (79.6) |
| Received scheduled insulin | 1,427 (32.7) |
| Received oral antihyperglycemic agents | 1,530 (35.0) |
| Received insulin secretagogues | 1,069 (24.5) |
| Actual LOS (days) | 4.9 ± 5.5 |
| Deviation from DRG-based LOS (days) | −0.8 ± 5.0 |
| Mean blood glucose (mg/dl)‡ | 168.8 ± 48.0 |
| Mean days with hypoglycemia | 0.1 ± 0.41 |
| Deceased during the admission | 43 (1.0) |
| Deceased within a year from discharge§ | 388 (17.9) |
Data are n, n (%), or means ± SD. Aggregate patient-level characteristics (e.g., demographics) were calculated at the individual patient level, and aggregate admission-level characteristics (e.g., LOS) were calculated at the individual admission level.
*At the time of the first study admission.
†Diabetes was excluded from the computation of the index.
‡Patient-day weighted mean glucose level.
§Calculated for the last study period admission of the 2,582 unique study patients.