Demographic and medical characteristics of patient cohorts
| Characteristic . | Total population . | Type 1 diabetes . | Type 2 diabetes . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 15,692 | 1,338/15,544 (8.6%) | 14,206/15,544 (91.4%) | — |
| Male | 8,448/15,684 (53.9%) | 750/1,338 (56.1%) | 7,631/14,203 (53.3%) | 0.10 |
| Age (years) | 61.4 ± 14.0 | 37.6 ± 12.9 | 63.6 ± 11.8 | <0.0001 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 5 (2–10) | 17 (10–26) | 4 (2–10) | <0.0001 |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| White European | 13,409/15,692 (85.5%) | 1,283/1,338 (96.0%) | 12,015/14,206 (84.6%) | |
| South Asian | 1,866/15,692 (11.9%) | 42/1,338 (3.1%) | 1,791/14,206 (12.6%) | |
| African Caribbean | 371/15,692 (2.4%) | 11/1,338 (0.8%) | 357/14,206 (2.5%) | |
| Other | 46/15,692 (0.2%) | 2/1,338 (0.1%) | 43/14,206 (0.3%) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes treatment | ||||
| Diet only | 4,643/15,622 (29.7%) | — | 4,601/14,163 (32.5%) | |
| OHA + diet | 7,696/15,622 (49.3%) | — | 7,637/14,163 (53.9%) | |
| Insulin (±OHA) | 3,283/15,622 (21.0%) | 1,337/1,337 (100.0%) | 1,925/14,163 (13.6%) | <0.0001 |
| Overt nephropathy | 440/15,274 (2.9%) | 58/1,308 (4.4%) | 379/13,841 (2.7%) | <0.001 |
| Impaired vision | 1,700/15,455 (11.0%) | 108/1,319 (8.2%) | 1,574/14,006 (11.2%) | <0.001 |
| Smoking history | ||||
| Never smoked | 6,568/15,632 (42.0%) | 626/1,335 (46.8%) | 5,859/14,156 (41.4%) | |
| Current smoker | 3,581/15,632 (22.9%) | 445/1,335 (33.3%) | 3,111/14,156 (22.0%) | |
| Ex-smoker | 5,483/15,632 (35.1%) | 264/1,335 (19.7%) | 5,186/14,156 (36.6%) | <0.0001 |
| Alcohol (≥7 units/week) | 6,998/15,474 (45.2%) | 877/1,323 (66.3%) | 6,074/14,020 (43.3%) | <0.0001 |
| Clinical neuropathy | 3,333/15,659 (21.3%) | 217/1,337 (16.2%) | 3,077/14,183 (21.7%) | <0.0001 |
| Foot deformities | 4,699/15,600 (30.1%) | 204/1,335 (15.3%) | 4,444/14,126 (31.5%) | <0.0001 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 3,139/15,664 (20.0%) | 139/1,337 (10.4%) | 2,957/14,186 (20.8%) | <0.0001 |
| Foot ulcer history | 774/15,484 (5.0%) | 80/1,331 (6.0%) | 684/14,015 (4.9%) | 0.070 |
| Lower-limb amputation history | 191/15,422 (1.2%) | 24/1,327 (1.8%) | 164/13,955 (1.2%) | 0.045 |
| Characteristic . | Total population . | Type 1 diabetes . | Type 2 diabetes . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 15,692 | 1,338/15,544 (8.6%) | 14,206/15,544 (91.4%) | — |
| Male | 8,448/15,684 (53.9%) | 750/1,338 (56.1%) | 7,631/14,203 (53.3%) | 0.10 |
| Age (years) | 61.4 ± 14.0 | 37.6 ± 12.9 | 63.6 ± 11.8 | <0.0001 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 5 (2–10) | 17 (10–26) | 4 (2–10) | <0.0001 |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| White European | 13,409/15,692 (85.5%) | 1,283/1,338 (96.0%) | 12,015/14,206 (84.6%) | |
| South Asian | 1,866/15,692 (11.9%) | 42/1,338 (3.1%) | 1,791/14,206 (12.6%) | |
| African Caribbean | 371/15,692 (2.4%) | 11/1,338 (0.8%) | 357/14,206 (2.5%) | |
| Other | 46/15,692 (0.2%) | 2/1,338 (0.1%) | 43/14,206 (0.3%) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes treatment | ||||
| Diet only | 4,643/15,622 (29.7%) | — | 4,601/14,163 (32.5%) | |
| OHA + diet | 7,696/15,622 (49.3%) | — | 7,637/14,163 (53.9%) | |
| Insulin (±OHA) | 3,283/15,622 (21.0%) | 1,337/1,337 (100.0%) | 1,925/14,163 (13.6%) | <0.0001 |
| Overt nephropathy | 440/15,274 (2.9%) | 58/1,308 (4.4%) | 379/13,841 (2.7%) | <0.001 |
| Impaired vision | 1,700/15,455 (11.0%) | 108/1,319 (8.2%) | 1,574/14,006 (11.2%) | <0.001 |
| Smoking history | ||||
| Never smoked | 6,568/15,632 (42.0%) | 626/1,335 (46.8%) | 5,859/14,156 (41.4%) | |
| Current smoker | 3,581/15,632 (22.9%) | 445/1,335 (33.3%) | 3,111/14,156 (22.0%) | |
| Ex-smoker | 5,483/15,632 (35.1%) | 264/1,335 (19.7%) | 5,186/14,156 (36.6%) | <0.0001 |
| Alcohol (≥7 units/week) | 6,998/15,474 (45.2%) | 877/1,323 (66.3%) | 6,074/14,020 (43.3%) | <0.0001 |
| Clinical neuropathy | 3,333/15,659 (21.3%) | 217/1,337 (16.2%) | 3,077/14,183 (21.7%) | <0.0001 |
| Foot deformities | 4,699/15,600 (30.1%) | 204/1,335 (15.3%) | 4,444/14,126 (31.5%) | <0.0001 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 3,139/15,664 (20.0%) | 139/1,337 (10.4%) | 2,957/14,186 (20.8%) | <0.0001 |
| Foot ulcer history | 774/15,484 (5.0%) | 80/1,331 (6.0%) | 684/14,015 (4.9%) | 0.070 |
| Lower-limb amputation history | 191/15,422 (1.2%) | 24/1,327 (1.8%) | 164/13,955 (1.2%) | 0.045 |
Data are mean ± SD, n (%), or median (25th–75th percentiles); P values for type 1 vs. type 2.