Literature review of DKA at diagnosis in children under age 5 years
| Study country (reference) . | Definition of DKA . | Time of diabetes onset . | DKA frequency % (n) . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <2 years of age . | <3 years of age . | <5 years of age . | |||
| SEARCH, U.S. (7) | 4 | 2002–2004 | NA | NA | 37.3 (458) |
| Austria (3) | 1 | 1989–2008 | 60 (185) | NA | 43.7 (775) |
| Germany (5) | 3 | 1987–1997 | NA | NA | 36.0 (470) |
| Germany and Austria (8) | 1 | 1995–2007 | NA | NA | 26.5 (NA) |
| Canada (2) | 5 | 1994–2000 | NA | 39.7% (390) | NA |
| Finland (6) | 2 | 1992–2001 | 44.71, 54.22 (48) | NA | 23.71, 29.32 (137) |
| U.S. (9) | 1 | 1995–1998 | NA | NA | 54.5 (44) |
| Study country (reference) . | Definition of DKA . | Time of diabetes onset . | DKA frequency % (n) . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <2 years of age . | <3 years of age . | <5 years of age . | |||
| SEARCH, U.S. (7) | 4 | 2002–2004 | NA | NA | 37.3 (458) |
| Austria (3) | 1 | 1989–2008 | 60 (185) | NA | 43.7 (775) |
| Germany (5) | 3 | 1987–1997 | NA | NA | 36.0 (470) |
| Germany and Austria (8) | 1 | 1995–2007 | NA | NA | 26.5 (NA) |
| Canada (2) | 5 | 1994–2000 | NA | 39.7% (390) | NA |
| Finland (6) | 2 | 1992–2001 | 44.71, 54.22 (48) | NA | 23.71, 29.32 (137) |
| U.S. (9) | 1 | 1995–1998 | NA | NA | 54.5 (44) |
NA, data not available. DKA defined as follows: 1 = pH <7.3; 2 = pH <7.3 and/or bicarbonate <15 mmol/L; 3 = pH <7.3 or bicarbonate <15 mmol/L and ketonuria; 4 = arterial or capillary pH <7.3/venous pH <7.25 or ICD 9 code 250.1 at discharge or DKA diagnosis mentioned in the medical charts; 5 = ICD 9 codes 250.1/250.2/250.3 from medical charts. Superscript numbers refer to DKA frequency calculated by DKA definitions 1 and 2.