GWG, obstetric, and neonatal outcomes
| . | Intervention . | Control . | . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Variable . | n = 150 . | n = 154 . | P . |
| GA 35 | |||
| GWG (kg) | 7.0 (4.7–10.6) | 8.6 (5.7–11.5) | 0.014 |
| ≤5 kg | 41 (28.5) | 30 (20.3) | 0.102 |
| ≤9 kg | 93 (64.6) | 79 (53.4) | 0.058 |
| Blood pressure (mmHg) | |||
| Systolic | 122 (117–130) | 124 (116–129) | 0.693 |
| Diastolic | 82 (77–88) | 83 (78–89) | 0.263 |
| Vo2max (mL/kg/min)* | 23 (19–27) | 22 (19–24.5) | 0.049 |
| Obstetric outcomes | |||
| Cesarean section | |||
| All | 40 (26.7) | 39 (25.3) | 0.790 |
| Emergency | 22 (14.7) | 28 (18.2) | 0.408 |
| Planned | 18 (12) | 11 (7.1) | 0.149 |
| GDM | 9 (6.0) | 8 (5.2) | 0.760 |
| Preeclampsia/PIH | 23 (15.4) | 28 (18.2) | 0.506 |
| Neonatal outcomes | |||
| Birth weight (g) | 3,742 (3,464–4,070) | 3,593 (3,335–3,930) | 0.039 |
| GA (days) | 283 (273–290) | 283 (274–289) | 0.952 |
| LGA | 23 (15.4) | 18 (11.7) | 0.340 |
| Birth weight >4,000 g | 40 (32) | 39 (25.3) | 0.070 |
| Admission to NICU | 21 (14.0) | 22 (14.3) | 0.943 |
| . | Intervention . | Control . | . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Variable . | n = 150 . | n = 154 . | P . |
| GA 35 | |||
| GWG (kg) | 7.0 (4.7–10.6) | 8.6 (5.7–11.5) | 0.014 |
| ≤5 kg | 41 (28.5) | 30 (20.3) | 0.102 |
| ≤9 kg | 93 (64.6) | 79 (53.4) | 0.058 |
| Blood pressure (mmHg) | |||
| Systolic | 122 (117–130) | 124 (116–129) | 0.693 |
| Diastolic | 82 (77–88) | 83 (78–89) | 0.263 |
| Vo2max (mL/kg/min)* | 23 (19–27) | 22 (19–24.5) | 0.049 |
| Obstetric outcomes | |||
| Cesarean section | |||
| All | 40 (26.7) | 39 (25.3) | 0.790 |
| Emergency | 22 (14.7) | 28 (18.2) | 0.408 |
| Planned | 18 (12) | 11 (7.1) | 0.149 |
| GDM | 9 (6.0) | 8 (5.2) | 0.760 |
| Preeclampsia/PIH | 23 (15.4) | 28 (18.2) | 0.506 |
| Neonatal outcomes | |||
| Birth weight (g) | 3,742 (3,464–4,070) | 3,593 (3,335–3,930) | 0.039 |
| GA (days) | 283 (273–290) | 283 (274–289) | 0.952 |
| LGA | 23 (15.4) | 18 (11.7) | 0.340 |
| Birth weight >4,000 g | 40 (32) | 39 (25.3) | 0.070 |
| Admission to NICU | 21 (14.0) | 22 (14.3) | 0.943 |
Data are given as median (interquartile range) or n (%). For the GWG variables, the total number is <304 due to missing values: n = 144 in the intervention group and n = 148 in the control group. For the physical fitness score, the number is n = 90 in the intervention group and n = 76 in the control group. Differences between groups were analyzed with the χ2 test for categoric variables. The Student t test was used for continuous variables with normal distribution; otherwise, the Mann-Whitney U test was used.
*As an indicator of physical fitness.