American Diabetes Association

Table 1

Glucose and insulin levels/iAUC for various time points/intervals during the two visits

	Time (min)	Carbohydrates first	Carbohydrates last	P^c	Change (%)
Blood glucose (mg/dL)^a
	0	106.7 ± 5.3	107.3 ± 6.3	0.752	0.5
	30	156.8 ± 8.2	112.0 ± 5.8	0.001	−28.6
	60	199.4 ± 12.2	125.6 ± 6.9	0.001	−37.0
	120	169.2 ± 13.8	140.8 ± 7.7	0.030	−16.8
Serum insulin (µIU/mL)^a
	0	18.8 ± 2.4	16.3 ± 1.4	0.154	−13.6
	30	62.4 ± 8.6	42.9 ± 9.7	0.083	−31.2
	60	125.4 ± 20.1	63.2 ± 11.0	0.002	−49.6
	120	152.0 ± 31.7	90.9 ± 16.6	0.014	−40.2
Glucose iAUC (mg/dL × min)^b
	0–30	751.4 ± 71.0	90.0 ± 26.8	0.001	−88.0
	0–60	3,396.8 ± 606.9	444.2 ± 103.8	0.001	−86.9
	0–120	7,545.0 ± 804.4	2,001.5 ± 376.9	0.001	−73.5
Insulin iAUC (µIU/mL × min)^b
	0–30	657.5 ± 131.8	399.5 ± 132.6	0.102	−39.2
	0–60	2,908.5 ± 432.0	1,510.5 ± 407.4	0.002	−48.1
	0–120	10,097.9 ± 1,646.9	5,202.8 ± 1,061.6	0.002	−48.5

	Time (min)	Carbohydrates first	Carbohydrates last	P^c	Change (%)
Blood glucose (mg/dL)^a
	0	106.7 ± 5.3	107.3 ± 6.3	0.752	0.5
	30	156.8 ± 8.2	112.0 ± 5.8	0.001	−28.6
	60	199.4 ± 12.2	125.6 ± 6.9	0.001	−37.0
	120	169.2 ± 13.8	140.8 ± 7.7	0.030	−16.8
Serum insulin (µIU/mL)^a
	0	18.8 ± 2.4	16.3 ± 1.4	0.154	−13.6
	30	62.4 ± 8.6	42.9 ± 9.7	0.083	−31.2
	60	125.4 ± 20.1	63.2 ± 11.0	0.002	−49.6
	120	152.0 ± 31.7	90.9 ± 16.6	0.014	−40.2
Glucose iAUC (mg/dL × min)^b
	0–30	751.4 ± 71.0	90.0 ± 26.8	0.001	−88.0
	0–60	3,396.8 ± 606.9	444.2 ± 103.8	0.001	−86.9
	0–120	7,545.0 ± 804.4	2,001.5 ± 376.9	0.001	−73.5
Insulin iAUC (µIU/mL × min)^b
	0–30	657.5 ± 131.8	399.5 ± 132.6	0.102	−39.2
	0–60	2,908.5 ± 432.0	1,510.5 ± 407.4	0.002	−48.1
	0–120	10,097.9 ± 1,646.9	5,202.8 ± 1,061.6	0.002	−48.5

Data are means ± SEM, n = 11.

Blood samples were collected immediately before the meal (t = 0 min) and at 30, 60, and 120 min after the start of the meal.

Intervals were measured in minutes from the start of the meal.

P values were calculated using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test.