Characteristics of included studies
| Cohort . | Country . | Baseline study (years) . | Mean FU (years) . | Age range (years) . | N (% w) . | N diabetes (% w) . | N dementia (% w) . | N VaD (% w) . | N non-VaD (% w) . | Ascertainment of diabetes . | Ascertainment of dementia . | Maximum adjustment available . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACT Study (18) | U.S. | 1994–1996 | 7 | 65+ | 2,067 (59) | 232 (52) | 524 (62) | 67 (61) | 457 (62) | Measured | Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument, DSM, NINCDS/ADRDA | Age, sbp, smoking, BMI |
| ARIC (15) | U.S. | 1990–1992 | 14 | 46–70 | 11,151 (57) | 1,445 (55) | 203 (57) | NA | NA | Measured or SR | ICD-9 codes | Age, race, sbp, smoking, BMI, tc |
| CCMS (20) | U.S. | 1995 | 5 | 65+ | 3,260 (58) | 343 (53) | 141 (71) | 37 (65) | 104 (73) | SR | DSM, NINCDS/ADRDA, NINDS-AIREN | Age, hypertension, BMI, high cholesterol |
| English and Scottish Health Surveys (16) | U.K. | 1998–2008 | 8 | 16–102 | 154,844 (52) | 12,267 (48) | 1,242 (54) | NA | NA | SR | ICD-9, ICD-10 codes | Age, sbp, smoking, BMI, tc |
| Framingham Study (14) | U.S. | 1976–1978 | 13 | NR | 2,609 (56) | 363 (43) | 234 (61) | 51 (61) | 183 (61) | Measured | DSM, NINCDS/ADRDA, NINDS-AIREN | Age, sbp, smoking, BMI, tc |
| Hisayama Study (23) | Japan | 1985–1988 | 15 | 60+ | 1,017 (57) | 150 (55) | 232 (66) | 65 (51) | 167 (72) | Measured | DSM, NINCDS/ADRDA, NINDS-AIREN | Age, sbp, smoking, BMI, tc |
| KAME Project (17) | U.S. | 1992–1994 | 6 | 65+ | 1,709 (55) | 290 (44) | 140 (59) | 45 (58) | 112 (63) | SR | DSM, NINCDS/ADRDA, NINDS-AIREN | Age, sbp, smoking, BMI |
| Kungsholmen Project (25) | Sweden | 1987–1989 | 9 | 75+ | 1,301 (75) | 104 (75) | 350 (81) | 49 (71) | 301 (83) | SR | DSM, NINCDS/ADRDA, NINDS-AIREN | Age, sbp, smoking, BMI |
| MHAS (22) | Mexico | 2001–2003 | 3 | 60+ | 5,398 (54) | 749 (61) | 306 (60) | 54 (63) | 230 (61) | SR | CCCE, IQCODE | Age, hypertension, smoking, obesity |
| NHI, Taiwan (12) | Taiwan | 2000–2008 | 9 | NR | 1,229,747 (52) | 614,876 (52) | 95,087 (57) | 8,300 (52) | 86,757 (57) | Measured | ICD-9 codes | Age, insurance premium, region, urbanization cbvd, cvd, hypertension, hyperlipidemia |
| NHIC, Korea (6) | Korea | 1992–1995 | 14 | 40–95 | 848,505 (42) | 51,611 (35) | 2,914 (55) | 516 (47) | 1,669 (57) | Measured | DSM and medical examination | Age, alcohol |
| Norwegian Counties Study (24) | Norway | 1974–1978 | 35 | 35–50 | 46,231 (51) | 613 (34) | 460 (53) | NA | NA | Measured or SR | ICD-9 codes | Age, sbp, smoking, BMI, tc |
| OCTO-Twin Study (19,21) | Sweden | 1991–1999 | 9 | 80+ | 702 (67) | 122 (67) | 225 (70) | 57 (58) | 163 (73) | Measured | DSM, NINCDS/ADRDA, NINDS-AIREN | Age, sbp, smoking, BMI, tc |
| SALSA Study (21) | U.S. | 1998–1999 | 10 | 60+ | 1,789 (58) | 797 (56) | 116 (66) | 12 (50) | 90 (71) | Measured or SR | DSM, NINCDS/ADRDA, NINDS-AIREN | Age, sbp, smoking, BMI, tc |
| Cohort . | Country . | Baseline study (years) . | Mean FU (years) . | Age range (years) . | N (% w) . | N diabetes (% w) . | N dementia (% w) . | N VaD (% w) . | N non-VaD (% w) . | Ascertainment of diabetes . | Ascertainment of dementia . | Maximum adjustment available . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACT Study (18) | U.S. | 1994–1996 | 7 | 65+ | 2,067 (59) | 232 (52) | 524 (62) | 67 (61) | 457 (62) | Measured | Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument, DSM, NINCDS/ADRDA | Age, sbp, smoking, BMI |
| ARIC (15) | U.S. | 1990–1992 | 14 | 46–70 | 11,151 (57) | 1,445 (55) | 203 (57) | NA | NA | Measured or SR | ICD-9 codes | Age, race, sbp, smoking, BMI, tc |
| CCMS (20) | U.S. | 1995 | 5 | 65+ | 3,260 (58) | 343 (53) | 141 (71) | 37 (65) | 104 (73) | SR | DSM, NINCDS/ADRDA, NINDS-AIREN | Age, hypertension, BMI, high cholesterol |
| English and Scottish Health Surveys (16) | U.K. | 1998–2008 | 8 | 16–102 | 154,844 (52) | 12,267 (48) | 1,242 (54) | NA | NA | SR | ICD-9, ICD-10 codes | Age, sbp, smoking, BMI, tc |
| Framingham Study (14) | U.S. | 1976–1978 | 13 | NR | 2,609 (56) | 363 (43) | 234 (61) | 51 (61) | 183 (61) | Measured | DSM, NINCDS/ADRDA, NINDS-AIREN | Age, sbp, smoking, BMI, tc |
| Hisayama Study (23) | Japan | 1985–1988 | 15 | 60+ | 1,017 (57) | 150 (55) | 232 (66) | 65 (51) | 167 (72) | Measured | DSM, NINCDS/ADRDA, NINDS-AIREN | Age, sbp, smoking, BMI, tc |
| KAME Project (17) | U.S. | 1992–1994 | 6 | 65+ | 1,709 (55) | 290 (44) | 140 (59) | 45 (58) | 112 (63) | SR | DSM, NINCDS/ADRDA, NINDS-AIREN | Age, sbp, smoking, BMI |
| Kungsholmen Project (25) | Sweden | 1987–1989 | 9 | 75+ | 1,301 (75) | 104 (75) | 350 (81) | 49 (71) | 301 (83) | SR | DSM, NINCDS/ADRDA, NINDS-AIREN | Age, sbp, smoking, BMI |
| MHAS (22) | Mexico | 2001–2003 | 3 | 60+ | 5,398 (54) | 749 (61) | 306 (60) | 54 (63) | 230 (61) | SR | CCCE, IQCODE | Age, hypertension, smoking, obesity |
| NHI, Taiwan (12) | Taiwan | 2000–2008 | 9 | NR | 1,229,747 (52) | 614,876 (52) | 95,087 (57) | 8,300 (52) | 86,757 (57) | Measured | ICD-9 codes | Age, insurance premium, region, urbanization cbvd, cvd, hypertension, hyperlipidemia |
| NHIC, Korea (6) | Korea | 1992–1995 | 14 | 40–95 | 848,505 (42) | 51,611 (35) | 2,914 (55) | 516 (47) | 1,669 (57) | Measured | DSM and medical examination | Age, alcohol |
| Norwegian Counties Study (24) | Norway | 1974–1978 | 35 | 35–50 | 46,231 (51) | 613 (34) | 460 (53) | NA | NA | Measured or SR | ICD-9 codes | Age, sbp, smoking, BMI, tc |
| OCTO-Twin Study (19,21) | Sweden | 1991–1999 | 9 | 80+ | 702 (67) | 122 (67) | 225 (70) | 57 (58) | 163 (73) | Measured | DSM, NINCDS/ADRDA, NINDS-AIREN | Age, sbp, smoking, BMI, tc |
| SALSA Study (21) | U.S. | 1998–1999 | 10 | 60+ | 1,789 (58) | 797 (56) | 116 (66) | 12 (50) | 90 (71) | Measured or SR | DSM, NINCDS/ADRDA, NINDS-AIREN | Age, sbp, smoking, BMI, tc |
ACT, Adult Changes in Thought; ARIC, Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study; cbvd, cerebrovascular disease; CCCE, Cross-Cultural Cognitive Examination; CCMS, Cache County Study on Memory Health and Aging; cvd, cardiovascular disease; FU, follow-up; IQCODE, Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly; MHAS, Mexican Health and Aging Study; NA, not available; NHI, National Health Insurance; NHIC, National Health Insurance Corporation; NINCDS/ADRDA, National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association Alzheimer's criteria; NINDS-AIREN, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and Association Internationale pour la Recherché et l'Enseignement en Neurosciences criteria; NR, not reported; OCTO-Twin, Origins of Variance in the Old-Old: Octogenarian Twins study; SALSA, Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging; sbp, systolic blood pressure; SR, self-report diabetes; tc, total cholesterol; VaD, vascular dementia; % w, percent women.