Baseline characteristics according to sex-pooled quartiles of HDL-c
| . | Sex-pooled quartiles of HDL-c, N = 1,810 . | P . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1, n = 466 . | Quartile 2, n = 471 . | Quartile 3, n = 437 . | Quartile 4, n = 436 . | ||
| HDL-c range, mmol/L | |||||
| Men | 0.41–0.88 | 0.88–1.04 | 1.04–1.22 | 1.22–2.85 | |
| Women | 0.46–1.02 | 1.02–1.20 | 1.20–1.45 | 1.45–3.00 | |
| Men, n (%) | 326 (70) | 334 (71) | 295 (68) | 304 (70) | 0.73 |
| Age, years | 58 ± 10 | 61 ± 10 | 61 ± 10 | 61 ± 10 | <0.01 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 316 (68) | 339 (72) | 310 (71) | 285 (65) | 0.19 |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 163 (35) | 113 (24) | 94 (21) | 78 (18) | <0.01 |
| Pack-years, median (IQR) | 15 (1–34) | 14 (1–32) | 13 (0–31) | 10 (0–28) | 0.10 |
| Current alcohol use, n (%) | 156 (34) | 197 (42) | 203 (47) | 259 (59) | <0.01 |
| Alcohol units per week, n (%) | |||||
| <1 | 54 (12) | 61 (13) | 49 (11) | 43 (10) | |
| 1–10 | 168 (36) | 180 (38) | 158 (36) | 153 (35) | |
| 11–20 | 55 (12) | 62 (13) | 85 (20) | 86 (20) | |
| 21–30 | 27 (6) | 21 (5) | 16 (4) | 36 (8) | |
| 31–40 | 7 (2) | 8 (2) | 5 (1) | 9 (2) | |
| >40 | 6 (1) | 6 (1) | 11 (3) | 7 (2) | |
| Diabetes duration, years, median (IQR) | 4 (1–8) | 4 (1–10) | 4 (1–10) | 4 (1–10) | 0.05 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 30 ± 5 | 30 ± 5 | 29 ± 5 | 27 ± 4 | <0.01 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 142 ± 20 | 146 ± 20 | 147 ± 21 | 147 ± 22 | <0.01 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 81 ± 11 | 83 ± 11 | 83 ± 12 | 84 ± 12 | <0.01 |
| Laboratory measurements | |||||
| Glucose, mmol/L | 8.8 ± 3.0 | 8.8 ± 3.0 | 8.8 ± 2.9 | 8.4 ± 2.7 | 0.10 |
| HbA1c, % | 7.2 ± 1.3 | 7.2 ± 1.3 | 7.2 ± 1.4 | 6.9 ± 1.1 | <0.01 |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 55.2 ± 14.2 | 55.2 ± 14.2 | 55.2 ± 15.3 | 51.9 ± 12.0 | |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 79 ± 23 | 76 ± 22 | 78 ± 21 | 79 ± 20 | 0.07 |
| Microalbuminuria, n (%) | 110 (24) | 112 (24) | 114 (26) | 90 (21) | 0.27 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.7 ± 1.4 | 4.7 ± 1.2 | 5.0 ± 1.4 | 4.9 ± 1.3 | <0.01 |
| LDL-c, mmol/L | 2.6 ± 1.1 | 2.7 ± 1.1 | 2.9 ± 1.2 | 2.7 ± 1.0 | <0.01 |
| HDL-c, mmol/L | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.3 | <0.01 |
| Non–HDL-c, mmol/L | 3.9 ± 1.4 | 3.7 ± 1.2 | 3.8 ± 1.3 | 3.4 ± 1.3 | <0.01 |
| TGs, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 2.3 (1.6–3.3) | 1.8 (1.4–2.5) | 1.6 (1.1–2.3) | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | <0.01 |
| Medication, n (%) | |||||
| Oral glucose-lowering medication | 314 (67) | 309 (66) | 292 (67) | 268 (62) | 0.24 |
| Insulin | 112 (24) | 119 (25) | 93 (21) | 104 (24) | 0.55 |
| β-Blockers | 240 (52) | 248 (53) | 192 (44) | 149 (34) | <0.01 |
| ACE inhibitors | 189 (41) | 203 (43) | 158 (36) | 154 (35) | 0.05 |
| Fibrates | 22 (5) | 18 (4) | 10 (2) | 7 (2) | 0.03 |
| Nicotinic acid | 0 (0) | 3 (1) | 3 (1) | 1 (0) | 0.28 |
| Usual-dose lipid-lowering therapy | 119 (26) | 149 (32) | 133 (30) | 127 (29) | 0.20 |
| Intensive lipid-lowering therapy | 153 (33) | 161 (34) | 134 (31) | 132 (30) | 0.55 |
| Type of vascular disease, n (%) | |||||
| Coronary artery disease | 216 (46) | 221 (47) | 185 (42) | 176 (40) | 0.14 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 89 (19) | 91 (19) | 89 (20) | 76 (17) | 0.74 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 70 (15) | 72 (15) | 57 (13) | 62 (14) | 0.78 |
| Abdominal aortic aneurysm | 27 (6) | 18 (4) | 25 (6) | 17 (4) | 0.31 |
| . | Sex-pooled quartiles of HDL-c, N = 1,810 . | P . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1, n = 466 . | Quartile 2, n = 471 . | Quartile 3, n = 437 . | Quartile 4, n = 436 . | ||
| HDL-c range, mmol/L | |||||
| Men | 0.41–0.88 | 0.88–1.04 | 1.04–1.22 | 1.22–2.85 | |
| Women | 0.46–1.02 | 1.02–1.20 | 1.20–1.45 | 1.45–3.00 | |
| Men, n (%) | 326 (70) | 334 (71) | 295 (68) | 304 (70) | 0.73 |
| Age, years | 58 ± 10 | 61 ± 10 | 61 ± 10 | 61 ± 10 | <0.01 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 316 (68) | 339 (72) | 310 (71) | 285 (65) | 0.19 |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 163 (35) | 113 (24) | 94 (21) | 78 (18) | <0.01 |
| Pack-years, median (IQR) | 15 (1–34) | 14 (1–32) | 13 (0–31) | 10 (0–28) | 0.10 |
| Current alcohol use, n (%) | 156 (34) | 197 (42) | 203 (47) | 259 (59) | <0.01 |
| Alcohol units per week, n (%) | |||||
| <1 | 54 (12) | 61 (13) | 49 (11) | 43 (10) | |
| 1–10 | 168 (36) | 180 (38) | 158 (36) | 153 (35) | |
| 11–20 | 55 (12) | 62 (13) | 85 (20) | 86 (20) | |
| 21–30 | 27 (6) | 21 (5) | 16 (4) | 36 (8) | |
| 31–40 | 7 (2) | 8 (2) | 5 (1) | 9 (2) | |
| >40 | 6 (1) | 6 (1) | 11 (3) | 7 (2) | |
| Diabetes duration, years, median (IQR) | 4 (1–8) | 4 (1–10) | 4 (1–10) | 4 (1–10) | 0.05 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 30 ± 5 | 30 ± 5 | 29 ± 5 | 27 ± 4 | <0.01 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 142 ± 20 | 146 ± 20 | 147 ± 21 | 147 ± 22 | <0.01 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 81 ± 11 | 83 ± 11 | 83 ± 12 | 84 ± 12 | <0.01 |
| Laboratory measurements | |||||
| Glucose, mmol/L | 8.8 ± 3.0 | 8.8 ± 3.0 | 8.8 ± 2.9 | 8.4 ± 2.7 | 0.10 |
| HbA1c, % | 7.2 ± 1.3 | 7.2 ± 1.3 | 7.2 ± 1.4 | 6.9 ± 1.1 | <0.01 |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 55.2 ± 14.2 | 55.2 ± 14.2 | 55.2 ± 15.3 | 51.9 ± 12.0 | |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 79 ± 23 | 76 ± 22 | 78 ± 21 | 79 ± 20 | 0.07 |
| Microalbuminuria, n (%) | 110 (24) | 112 (24) | 114 (26) | 90 (21) | 0.27 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.7 ± 1.4 | 4.7 ± 1.2 | 5.0 ± 1.4 | 4.9 ± 1.3 | <0.01 |
| LDL-c, mmol/L | 2.6 ± 1.1 | 2.7 ± 1.1 | 2.9 ± 1.2 | 2.7 ± 1.0 | <0.01 |
| HDL-c, mmol/L | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.3 | <0.01 |
| Non–HDL-c, mmol/L | 3.9 ± 1.4 | 3.7 ± 1.2 | 3.8 ± 1.3 | 3.4 ± 1.3 | <0.01 |
| TGs, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 2.3 (1.6–3.3) | 1.8 (1.4–2.5) | 1.6 (1.1–2.3) | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | <0.01 |
| Medication, n (%) | |||||
| Oral glucose-lowering medication | 314 (67) | 309 (66) | 292 (67) | 268 (62) | 0.24 |
| Insulin | 112 (24) | 119 (25) | 93 (21) | 104 (24) | 0.55 |
| β-Blockers | 240 (52) | 248 (53) | 192 (44) | 149 (34) | <0.01 |
| ACE inhibitors | 189 (41) | 203 (43) | 158 (36) | 154 (35) | 0.05 |
| Fibrates | 22 (5) | 18 (4) | 10 (2) | 7 (2) | 0.03 |
| Nicotinic acid | 0 (0) | 3 (1) | 3 (1) | 1 (0) | 0.28 |
| Usual-dose lipid-lowering therapy | 119 (26) | 149 (32) | 133 (30) | 127 (29) | 0.20 |
| Intensive lipid-lowering therapy | 153 (33) | 161 (34) | 134 (31) | 132 (30) | 0.55 |
| Type of vascular disease, n (%) | |||||
| Coronary artery disease | 216 (46) | 221 (47) | 185 (42) | 176 (40) | 0.14 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 89 (19) | 91 (19) | 89 (20) | 76 (17) | 0.74 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 70 (15) | 72 (15) | 57 (13) | 62 (14) | 0.78 |
| Abdominal aortic aneurysm | 27 (6) | 18 (4) | 25 (6) | 17 (4) | 0.31 |
Continuous variables are depicted as mean ± SD, count variables as n (%), and nonnormally distributed variables as median (IQR). Continuous variables were tested using a one-way ANOVA, and count variables were tested using a χ2 test. eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate by the MDRD equation.