Variation of peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity and vascular indexes during placebo or l-arginine therapy in both groups of patients compared with normal subjects
| . | Group 1 . | Group 2 . | Normal subjects . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo 1st month . | Placebo 2nd month . | Difference* . | Placebo 1st month . | l-Arginine 2nd month . | Difference* . | ||
| Basic | |||||||
| Plasma glucose (mmol/l) | 7.3 ± 0.1 | 7.3 ± 0.2 | –0.03 ± 0.15 | 7.0 ± 0.3 | 6.4 ± 0.4 | –0.52 ± 0.24 | 5.0 ± 0.2† |
| Endogenous glucose production (μmol ·kg–1 · min–1) | 17.8 ± 1.3 | 17.8 ± 1.4 | +0.2 ± 0.6 | 18.0 ± 1.3 | 16.4 ± 0.9 | –1.7 ± 0.8 | 11.3 ± 1.3† |
| cGMP (nmol/l) | 2.43 ± 0.27 | 2.44 ± 0.25 | +0.01 ± 0.07 | 2.76 ± 0.35 | 4.43 ± 0.54‡ | +1.67 ± 0.52§ | 4.93 ± 0.33† |
| Forearm blood flow (ml · 100 ml forearm–1 · min–1) | 2.03 ± 0.26 | 2.11 ± 0.23 | +0.09 ± 0.07 | 2.19 ± 0.26 | 3.01 ± 0.22‡ | +0.82 ± 0.18∥ | 2.87 ± 0.24 |
| Peripheral vascular resistance (UI) | 46.0 ± 4.9 | 43.3 ± 5.2 | –2.7 ± 3.6 | 43.0 ± 3.9 | 27.6 ± 1.9‡ | –15.3 ± 3.0∥ | 31.4 ± 2.8 |
| Euglycemic clamp | |||||||
| Steady-state plasma glucose | 5.7 ± 0.2 | 5.7 ± 0.3 | +0.08 ± 0.04 | 5.4 ± 0.1 | 5.2 ± 0.2 | –0.30 ± 0.12 | 5.0 ± 0.1† |
| Endogenous glucose production (μmol · kg–1 · min–1) | 6.22 ± 1.16 | 6.77 ± 0.61 | +0.50 ± 1.93 | 6.11 ± 0.33 | 4.29 ± 0.39‡ | –2.09 ± 0.61∥ | 4.96 ± 0.18† |
| M value (μmol · kg–1 · min–1) | 11.3 ± 2.0 | 11.7 ± 1.6 | +0.39 ± 1.10 | 11.3 ± 1.1 | 15.1 ± 1.3‡ | +3.96 ± 0.77∥ | 24.2 ± 0.7† |
| Forearm blood flow (ml · 100 ml forearm–1 · min–1) | 2.46 ± 0.26 | 2.36 ± 0.24 | –0.10 ± 0.35 | 2.80 ± 0.28 | 3.32 ± 0.24 | +0.52 ± 0.11 | 3.10 ± 0.29 |
| Peripheral vascular resistance (UI) | 37.1 ± 3.4 | 37.7 ± 3.8 | +1.19 ± 5.28 | 32.4 ± 3.5 | 29.6 ± 5.3 | –2.68 ± 3.89 | 28.3 ± 2.5 |
| . | Group 1 . | Group 2 . | Normal subjects . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo 1st month . | Placebo 2nd month . | Difference* . | Placebo 1st month . | l-Arginine 2nd month . | Difference* . | ||
| Basic | |||||||
| Plasma glucose (mmol/l) | 7.3 ± 0.1 | 7.3 ± 0.2 | –0.03 ± 0.15 | 7.0 ± 0.3 | 6.4 ± 0.4 | –0.52 ± 0.24 | 5.0 ± 0.2† |
| Endogenous glucose production (μmol ·kg–1 · min–1) | 17.8 ± 1.3 | 17.8 ± 1.4 | +0.2 ± 0.6 | 18.0 ± 1.3 | 16.4 ± 0.9 | –1.7 ± 0.8 | 11.3 ± 1.3† |
| cGMP (nmol/l) | 2.43 ± 0.27 | 2.44 ± 0.25 | +0.01 ± 0.07 | 2.76 ± 0.35 | 4.43 ± 0.54‡ | +1.67 ± 0.52§ | 4.93 ± 0.33† |
| Forearm blood flow (ml · 100 ml forearm–1 · min–1) | 2.03 ± 0.26 | 2.11 ± 0.23 | +0.09 ± 0.07 | 2.19 ± 0.26 | 3.01 ± 0.22‡ | +0.82 ± 0.18∥ | 2.87 ± 0.24 |
| Peripheral vascular resistance (UI) | 46.0 ± 4.9 | 43.3 ± 5.2 | –2.7 ± 3.6 | 43.0 ± 3.9 | 27.6 ± 1.9‡ | –15.3 ± 3.0∥ | 31.4 ± 2.8 |
| Euglycemic clamp | |||||||
| Steady-state plasma glucose | 5.7 ± 0.2 | 5.7 ± 0.3 | +0.08 ± 0.04 | 5.4 ± 0.1 | 5.2 ± 0.2 | –0.30 ± 0.12 | 5.0 ± 0.1† |
| Endogenous glucose production (μmol · kg–1 · min–1) | 6.22 ± 1.16 | 6.77 ± 0.61 | +0.50 ± 1.93 | 6.11 ± 0.33 | 4.29 ± 0.39‡ | –2.09 ± 0.61∥ | 4.96 ± 0.18† |
| M value (μmol · kg–1 · min–1) | 11.3 ± 2.0 | 11.7 ± 1.6 | +0.39 ± 1.10 | 11.3 ± 1.1 | 15.1 ± 1.3‡ | +3.96 ± 0.77∥ | 24.2 ± 0.7† |
| Forearm blood flow (ml · 100 ml forearm–1 · min–1) | 2.46 ± 0.26 | 2.36 ± 0.24 | –0.10 ± 0.35 | 2.80 ± 0.28 | 3.32 ± 0.24 | +0.52 ± 0.11 | 3.10 ± 0.29 |
| Peripheral vascular resistance (UI) | 37.1 ± 3.4 | 37.7 ± 3.8 | +1.19 ± 5.28 | 32.4 ± 3.5 | 29.6 ± 5.3 | –2.68 ± 3.89 | 28.3 ± 2.5 |
Data are means ± SEM.
Negative differences correspond with a decrease, whereas positive differences correspond with an increase of variables after therapy;
P < 0.01 vs. groups 1 and 2;
P < 0.05 vs. placebo 1 month;
P < 0.001 vs. group 1;
P < 0.05 vs. group 1.