Relative risks (95% CI) of hip fracture by diabetes status, the Iowa Women’s Health Study, 1986–1997
| Diabetes status . | Number of fractures . | Age-adjusted RR (95% CI) . | Multivariate-adjusted RR (95% CI) . |
|---|---|---|---|
| No diabetes* | 452 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Type 1 diabetes | 5 | 14.1 (5.85, 34.2) | 12.25 (5.05, 29.7) |
| Type 2 diabetes | 38 | 1.75 (1.25, 2.43) | 1.70 (1.21, 2.38) |
| Duration of diabetes* | |||
| No diabetes | 452 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Type 2 diabetes | |||
| 0–4 years | 11 | 1.47 (0.81, 2.67) | 1.44 (0.79, 2.63) |
| 5–12 years | 11 | 1.46 (0.80, 2.66) | 1.40 (0.77, 2.57) |
| 13–40 years | 16 | 2.38 (1.44, 3.92) | 2.30 (1.39, 3.81) |
| Type of diabetes treatment* | |||
| No diabetes | 452 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Type 2 diabetes | |||
| Insulin treatment | 13 | 2.79 (1.61, 4.85) | 2.66 (1.52, 4.64) |
| Oral agents | 13 | 1.82 (1.05, 3.16) | 1.80 (1.03, 3.16) |
| No pharmacologic treatment | 12 | 1.21 (0.68, 2.14) | 1.17 (0.66, 2.09) |
| Never used estrogen† | |||
| Nondiabetic | 296 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Type 2 diabetic | 26 | 1.74 (1.17, 2.60) | 1.66 (1.10, 2.51) |
| Current estrogen use | |||
| Nondiabetic | 31 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Type 2 diabetic | 1 | 0.98 (0.13, 7.16) | 1.17 (0.16, 8.77) |
| Former estrogen use | |||
| Nondiabetic | 125 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Type 2 diabetic | 11 | 1.79 (0.97, 3.32) | 1.84 (0.98, 3.46) |
| Obese women (BMI ≥30 kg/m2)‡ | |||
| Nondiabetic | 82 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Type 2 diabetic | 15 | 1.74 (1.00, 3.02) | 1.66 (0.95, 2.90) |
| Nonobese women (BMI <30 kg/m2) | |||
| Nondiabetic | 370 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Type 2 diabetic | 23 | 1.87 (1.23, 2.85) | 1.74 (1.14, 2.67) |
| Diabetes status . | Number of fractures . | Age-adjusted RR (95% CI) . | Multivariate-adjusted RR (95% CI) . |
|---|---|---|---|
| No diabetes* | 452 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Type 1 diabetes | 5 | 14.1 (5.85, 34.2) | 12.25 (5.05, 29.7) |
| Type 2 diabetes | 38 | 1.75 (1.25, 2.43) | 1.70 (1.21, 2.38) |
| Duration of diabetes* | |||
| No diabetes | 452 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Type 2 diabetes | |||
| 0–4 years | 11 | 1.47 (0.81, 2.67) | 1.44 (0.79, 2.63) |
| 5–12 years | 11 | 1.46 (0.80, 2.66) | 1.40 (0.77, 2.57) |
| 13–40 years | 16 | 2.38 (1.44, 3.92) | 2.30 (1.39, 3.81) |
| Type of diabetes treatment* | |||
| No diabetes | 452 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Type 2 diabetes | |||
| Insulin treatment | 13 | 2.79 (1.61, 4.85) | 2.66 (1.52, 4.64) |
| Oral agents | 13 | 1.82 (1.05, 3.16) | 1.80 (1.03, 3.16) |
| No pharmacologic treatment | 12 | 1.21 (0.68, 2.14) | 1.17 (0.66, 2.09) |
| Never used estrogen† | |||
| Nondiabetic | 296 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Type 2 diabetic | 26 | 1.74 (1.17, 2.60) | 1.66 (1.10, 2.51) |
| Current estrogen use | |||
| Nondiabetic | 31 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Type 2 diabetic | 1 | 0.98 (0.13, 7.16) | 1.17 (0.16, 8.77) |
| Former estrogen use | |||
| Nondiabetic | 125 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Type 2 diabetic | 11 | 1.79 (0.97, 3.32) | 1.84 (0.98, 3.46) |
| Obese women (BMI ≥30 kg/m2)‡ | |||
| Nondiabetic | 82 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Type 2 diabetic | 15 | 1.74 (1.00, 3.02) | 1.66 (0.95, 2.90) |
| Nonobese women (BMI <30 kg/m2) | |||
| Nondiabetic | 370 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Type 2 diabetic | 23 | 1.87 (1.23, 2.85) | 1.74 (1.14, 2.67) |
Adjusted for age, smoking (former, current, never), estrogen use (former, current, never), BMI, and waist-to-hip ratio;
adjusted for age, smoking (former, current, never), BMI, and waist-to-hip ratio;
adjusted for age, smoking (former, current, never), estrogen use (former, current, never), and waist-to-hip ratio.