American Diabetes Association

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Table 1—

Demographic characteristics for chronic insulin users

	n	HbA_1c	Insulin use (%)
All	6,222	7.98 ± 1.66	77.44 (17.14)
Age
≥65 years	4,053	7.75 ± 1.51^*	77.89 (16.95)^†
<65 years	2,169	8.41 ± 1.84	76.60 (17.46)
Race/ethnicity
Caucasian	2,515	7.79 ± 1.53^†	78.59 (17.35)^†
African American	451	8.28 ± 2.04	70.93 (19.96)^\|
Hispanic/other	1,959	8.33 ± 1.74	77.07 (15.44)
Mixed/undefined	1,297	7.71 ± 1.54^§	78.02 (17.60)
Insulin alone	2,491	7.67 ± 1.63^¶	77.48 (17.22)
Insulin + 1 OHA	2,431	8.08 ± 1.65^¶	77.05 (16.95)
Insulin + ≥2 OHAs	1,300	8.39 ± 1.62^¶	78.10 (17.35)
Insulin with any OHA	3,731	8.19 ± 1.65	77.41 (17.10)

	n	HbA_1c	Insulin use (%)
All	6,222	7.98 ± 1.66	77.44 (17.14)
Age
≥65 years	4,053	7.75 ± 1.51^*	77.89 (16.95)^†
<65 years	2,169	8.41 ± 1.84	76.60 (17.46)
Race/ethnicity
Caucasian	2,515	7.79 ± 1.53^†	78.59 (17.35)^†
African American	451	8.28 ± 2.04	70.93 (19.96)^\|
Hispanic/other	1,959	8.33 ± 1.74	77.07 (15.44)
Mixed/undefined	1,297	7.71 ± 1.54^§	78.02 (17.60)
Insulin alone	2,491	7.67 ± 1.63^¶	77.48 (17.22)
Insulin + 1 OHA	2,431	8.08 ± 1.65^¶	77.05 (16.95)
Insulin + ≥2 OHAs	1,300	8.39 ± 1.62^¶	78.10 (17.35)
Insulin with any OHA	3,731	8.19 ± 1.65	77.41 (17.10)

Data are means ± SD.

*

P < 0.0001,

†

P < 0.01,

‡

P < 0.05 for Caucasian vs. African American and Hispanic;

§

P < 0.05 for unknown/mixed vs. African American and Hispanic;

|

P < 0.05 for African American vs. Hispanic and unknown/mixed;

¶

P < 0.05 for all group differences.