Absolute changes from baseline in fasting glucose, insulin, waist circumference, muscle strength, energy expenditure, and energy intake during home-based training (9 months, 12 months) for the RT&WL and WL groups and the net difference between groups
| . | 9-month change from baseline . | . | . | 12-month change from baseline . | . | . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | RT&WL . | WL . | Net difference (95% CI) . | RT&WL . | WL . | Net difference (95% CI) . | ||||
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l) | −0.8 ± 2.2 | −0.7 ± 2.1 | −0.1 (−1.7 to 1.5) | 0.3 ± 2.2 | −0.5 ± 2.1 | 0.8 (−0.8 to 2.4) | ||||
| Fasting serum insulin (pmol/l)* | 1.6 ± 45.6 | −16.5 ± 47.2† | 18.1 (−16.0 to 52.1) | −0.1 ± 46.8 | −19.3 ± 50.1† | 19.2 (−16.3 to 54.7) | ||||
| Insulin sensitivity (HOMA) (%)* | −0.6 ± 5.4 | 4.1 ± 6.1† | −4.7 (−8.9 to −0.5) | 0.04 ± 5.5 | 5.4 ± 6.5† | −5.4 (−9.8 to −1.0) | ||||
| Waist circumference (cm) | −6.9 ± 4.7† | −6.1 ± 4.3† | −0.8 (−4.1 to 2.5) | −3.4 ± 4.7† | −2.0 ± 4.3 | −1.4 (−4.8 to 1.8) | ||||
| Muscle strength | ||||||||||
| Upper body (kg) | 26.3 ± 22.8† | −2.5 ± 19.1 | 28.8 (12.0–45.2)‡ | 26.4 ± 22.8† | −0.2 ± 19.1 | 26.6 (9.6–42.9)‡ | ||||
| Lower body (kg) | 7.1 ± 6.1† | 0.7 ± 5.4 | 6.4 (2.1–10.6)‡ | 4.9 ± 6.4† | −0.1 ± 5.4 | 5.0 (0.5–9.3)‡ | ||||
| Energy expenditure (kcal/day) | −65 ± 195 | −187 ± 244† | 122 (−38 to 281) | −132 ± 195† | −192 ± 244† | 60 (−99 to 220) | ||||
| Total energy intake (kcal/day) | −208 ± 573 | −166 ± 399 | −42 (−426 to 329) | −262 ± 532§ | −229 ± 401§ | −33 (−389 to 342) | ||||
| . | 9-month change from baseline . | . | . | 12-month change from baseline . | . | . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | RT&WL . | WL . | Net difference (95% CI) . | RT&WL . | WL . | Net difference (95% CI) . | ||||
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l) | −0.8 ± 2.2 | −0.7 ± 2.1 | −0.1 (−1.7 to 1.5) | 0.3 ± 2.2 | −0.5 ± 2.1 | 0.8 (−0.8 to 2.4) | ||||
| Fasting serum insulin (pmol/l)* | 1.6 ± 45.6 | −16.5 ± 47.2† | 18.1 (−16.0 to 52.1) | −0.1 ± 46.8 | −19.3 ± 50.1† | 19.2 (−16.3 to 54.7) | ||||
| Insulin sensitivity (HOMA) (%)* | −0.6 ± 5.4 | 4.1 ± 6.1† | −4.7 (−8.9 to −0.5) | 0.04 ± 5.5 | 5.4 ± 6.5† | −5.4 (−9.8 to −1.0) | ||||
| Waist circumference (cm) | −6.9 ± 4.7† | −6.1 ± 4.3† | −0.8 (−4.1 to 2.5) | −3.4 ± 4.7† | −2.0 ± 4.3 | −1.4 (−4.8 to 1.8) | ||||
| Muscle strength | ||||||||||
| Upper body (kg) | 26.3 ± 22.8† | −2.5 ± 19.1 | 28.8 (12.0–45.2)‡ | 26.4 ± 22.8† | −0.2 ± 19.1 | 26.6 (9.6–42.9)‡ | ||||
| Lower body (kg) | 7.1 ± 6.1† | 0.7 ± 5.4 | 6.4 (2.1–10.6)‡ | 4.9 ± 6.4† | −0.1 ± 5.4 | 5.0 (0.5–9.3)‡ | ||||
| Energy expenditure (kcal/day) | −65 ± 195 | −187 ± 244† | 122 (−38 to 281) | −132 ± 195† | −192 ± 244† | 60 (−99 to 220) | ||||
| Total energy intake (kcal/day) | −208 ± 573 | −166 ± 399 | −42 (−426 to 329) | −262 ± 532§ | −229 ± 401§ | −33 (−389 to 342) | ||||
Data are means ± SD or means (95% CI). Net difference refers to the within-group change from baseline in the RT&WL group minus the within-group change from baseline in the WL group.
Data log-transformed for statistical analysis;
P < 0.05 for within-group differences from baseline;
P < 0.05 for between-group difference from baseline;
significant from baseline.