Estimated ORs for diabetes (either previously diagnosed or newly diagnosed) from generalized estimating equations among PBCSS participants aged ≥20 years
| Variable . | Female participants (n = 593) . | . | . | Male participants (n = 462) . | . | Female plus male participants (n = 1,055) . | . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Univariate model* . | Multivariate model A† . | Multivariate model B† . | Univariate model* . | Multivariate model B† . | Univariate model* . | Multivariate model B† . | ||||
| Female | — | — | — | — | — | 1.70 (1.20–2.39) | 1.39 (0.97–1.98) | ||||
| Age (years) | |||||||||||
| 20–39 | 0.16 (0.10–0.25) | 0.17 (0.11–0.28) | 0.16 (0.10–0.25) | 0.22 (0.12–0.39) | 0.19 (0.10–0.35) | 0.18 (0.13–0.26) | 0.17 (0.12–0.25) | ||||
| 40–59 (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| ≥60 | 3.36 (1.85–6.10) | 2.92 (1.50–5.67) | 3.28 (1.77–6.10) | 1.89 (0.90–4.00) | 2.40 (1.11–5.20) | 2.66 (1.70–4.16) | 2.88 (1.80–4.61) | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | |||||||||||
| <25 (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| 25–29.9 | 1.85 (1.04–3.29) | 1.86 (1.05–3.31) | 1.86 (1.05–3.31) | 2.18 (1.15–4.17) | 2.12 (1.12–4.03) | 2.07 (1.35–3.19) | 2.08 (1.35–3.20) | ||||
| ≥30 | 2.40 (1.37–4.22) | 2.37 (1.34–4.19) | 2.45 (1.39–4.31) | 3.62 (1.71–7.67) | 3.55 (1.68–7.50) | 2.87 (1.83–4.52) | 2.88 (1.83–4.54) | ||||
| Physical inactivity | 0.88 (0.58–1.33) | 0.81 (0.52–1.26) | 0.84 (0.55–1.28) | 1.38 (0.80–2.37) | 1.28 (0.74–2.22) | 1.03 (0.74–1.43) | 0.97 (0.69–1.35) | ||||
| Parity | |||||||||||
| 0 | 0.45 (0.19–1.07) | 0.49 (0.20–1.17) | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
| 1–3 (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
| ≥4 | 1.71 (1.10–2.68) | 1.54 (0.96–2.47) | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
| Gestational diabetes | 3.19 (1.75–5.83) | 2.86 (1.53–5.34) | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
| Variable . | Female participants (n = 593) . | . | . | Male participants (n = 462) . | . | Female plus male participants (n = 1,055) . | . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Univariate model* . | Multivariate model A† . | Multivariate model B† . | Univariate model* . | Multivariate model B† . | Univariate model* . | Multivariate model B† . | ||||
| Female | — | — | — | — | — | 1.70 (1.20–2.39) | 1.39 (0.97–1.98) | ||||
| Age (years) | |||||||||||
| 20–39 | 0.16 (0.10–0.25) | 0.17 (0.11–0.28) | 0.16 (0.10–0.25) | 0.22 (0.12–0.39) | 0.19 (0.10–0.35) | 0.18 (0.13–0.26) | 0.17 (0.12–0.25) | ||||
| 40–59 (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| ≥60 | 3.36 (1.85–6.10) | 2.92 (1.50–5.67) | 3.28 (1.77–6.10) | 1.89 (0.90–4.00) | 2.40 (1.11–5.20) | 2.66 (1.70–4.16) | 2.88 (1.80–4.61) | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | |||||||||||
| <25 (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| 25–29.9 | 1.85 (1.04–3.29) | 1.86 (1.05–3.31) | 1.86 (1.05–3.31) | 2.18 (1.15–4.17) | 2.12 (1.12–4.03) | 2.07 (1.35–3.19) | 2.08 (1.35–3.20) | ||||
| ≥30 | 2.40 (1.37–4.22) | 2.37 (1.34–4.19) | 2.45 (1.39–4.31) | 3.62 (1.71–7.67) | 3.55 (1.68–7.50) | 2.87 (1.83–4.52) | 2.88 (1.83–4.54) | ||||
| Physical inactivity | 0.88 (0.58–1.33) | 0.81 (0.52–1.26) | 0.84 (0.55–1.28) | 1.38 (0.80–2.37) | 1.28 (0.74–2.22) | 1.03 (0.74–1.43) | 0.97 (0.69–1.35) | ||||
| Parity | |||||||||||
| 0 | 0.45 (0.19–1.07) | 0.49 (0.20–1.17) | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
| 1–3 (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
| ≥4 | 1.71 (1.10–2.68) | 1.54 (0.96–2.47) | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
| Gestational diabetes | 3.19 (1.75–5.83) | 2.86 (1.53–5.34) | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
Data are OR (95% CI).
The univariate model includes only one variable, with adjustment for age and, when female and male participants are combined, sex;
the multivariate model includes all applicable variables, with multivariate model A including the female-specific variables of parity and GDM, and multivariate model B omitting these variables.