Comparison of characteristics of individuals with diabetes by depression status
| . | Major depressive disorder (n = 176, N = 989,599) . | . | No depressive disorder (n = 1,634, N = 9,457,448) . | . | P value . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | % . | SE . | % . | SE . | . | ||
| Race/ethnicity | 0.1418 | ||||||
| White | 68 | 4.0 | 68 | 1.0 | |||
| Black | 13 | 2.5 | 17 | 1.0 | |||
| Hispanic/other | 20 | 3.3 | 15 | 1.0 | |||
| Age (years) | |||||||
| 18–34 | 10 | 3.2 | 6 | 0.8 | <0.0001 | ||
| 35–49 | 32 | 4.3 | 16 | 1.1 | |||
| 50–64 | 38 | 4.3 | 35 | 1.4 | |||
| ≥65 | 20 | 3.3 | 42 | 1.4 | |||
| Women | 63 | 4.4 | 51 | 1.4 | 0.009 | ||
| <High school education | 28 | 3.6 | 30 | 1.3 | 0.7139 | ||
| Poverty ratio (% of federal poverty level) | 0.003 | ||||||
| <124% | 35 | 4.5 | 19 | 1.3 | |||
| 124–199% | 18 | 3.4 | 16 | 1.1 | |||
| 200–399% | 31 | 4.8 | 35 | 1.4 | |||
| ≥400% | 16 | 3.5 | 30 | 1.5 | |||
| Employed | 42 | 4.3 | 44 | 1.3 | 0.6803 | ||
| Married | 52 | 4.5 | 62 | 1.4 | 0.0205 | ||
| Health status | <0.0001 | ||||||
| Better | 22 | 3.8 | 21 | 1.1 | |||
| Worse | 41 | 4.5 | 16 | 1.0 | |||
| Same | 38 | 4.4 | 65 | 1.4 | |||
| Obesity status (kg/m2) | 0.3821 | ||||||
| BMI <18.5 | 47 | 4.7 | 42 | 1.4 | |||
| BMI 18.5–24.9 | 29 | 4.1 | 35 | 1.3 | |||
| BMI 25.0–29.9 | 22 | 4.2 | 21 | 1.2 | |||
| BMI ≥30.0 | 2 | 1.0 | 1 | 0.3 | |||
| Years since diagnosis | 0.0443 | ||||||
| <5 | 37 | 4.4 | 27 | 1.5 | |||
| 5–9 | 16 | 3.8 | 25 | 1.4 | |||
| ≥10 | 47 | 4.6 | 49 | 1.6 | |||
| Insulin or oral agents (versus diet alone) | 80 | 3.7 | 64 | 1.0 | 0.3845 | ||
| Major complications—yes | 51 | 4.6 | 39 | 1.5 | 0.0165 | ||
| Smoker | 32 | 4.4 | 15 | 1.0 | 0.0007 | ||
| Visited a primary care physician | 88 | 2.9 | 84 | 1.0 | 0.3157 | ||
| Visited a psychiatrist or mental health professional | 29 | 4.2 | 4 | 0.6 | <0.0001 | ||
| Visited an emergency room | 41 | 4.4 | 26 | 1.3 | <0.0001 | ||
| . | Major depressive disorder (n = 176, N = 989,599) . | . | No depressive disorder (n = 1,634, N = 9,457,448) . | . | P value . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | % . | SE . | % . | SE . | . | ||
| Race/ethnicity | 0.1418 | ||||||
| White | 68 | 4.0 | 68 | 1.0 | |||
| Black | 13 | 2.5 | 17 | 1.0 | |||
| Hispanic/other | 20 | 3.3 | 15 | 1.0 | |||
| Age (years) | |||||||
| 18–34 | 10 | 3.2 | 6 | 0.8 | <0.0001 | ||
| 35–49 | 32 | 4.3 | 16 | 1.1 | |||
| 50–64 | 38 | 4.3 | 35 | 1.4 | |||
| ≥65 | 20 | 3.3 | 42 | 1.4 | |||
| Women | 63 | 4.4 | 51 | 1.4 | 0.009 | ||
| <High school education | 28 | 3.6 | 30 | 1.3 | 0.7139 | ||
| Poverty ratio (% of federal poverty level) | 0.003 | ||||||
| <124% | 35 | 4.5 | 19 | 1.3 | |||
| 124–199% | 18 | 3.4 | 16 | 1.1 | |||
| 200–399% | 31 | 4.8 | 35 | 1.4 | |||
| ≥400% | 16 | 3.5 | 30 | 1.5 | |||
| Employed | 42 | 4.3 | 44 | 1.3 | 0.6803 | ||
| Married | 52 | 4.5 | 62 | 1.4 | 0.0205 | ||
| Health status | <0.0001 | ||||||
| Better | 22 | 3.8 | 21 | 1.1 | |||
| Worse | 41 | 4.5 | 16 | 1.0 | |||
| Same | 38 | 4.4 | 65 | 1.4 | |||
| Obesity status (kg/m2) | 0.3821 | ||||||
| BMI <18.5 | 47 | 4.7 | 42 | 1.4 | |||
| BMI 18.5–24.9 | 29 | 4.1 | 35 | 1.3 | |||
| BMI 25.0–29.9 | 22 | 4.2 | 21 | 1.2 | |||
| BMI ≥30.0 | 2 | 1.0 | 1 | 0.3 | |||
| Years since diagnosis | 0.0443 | ||||||
| <5 | 37 | 4.4 | 27 | 1.5 | |||
| 5–9 | 16 | 3.8 | 25 | 1.4 | |||
| ≥10 | 47 | 4.6 | 49 | 1.6 | |||
| Insulin or oral agents (versus diet alone) | 80 | 3.7 | 64 | 1.0 | 0.3845 | ||
| Major complications—yes | 51 | 4.6 | 39 | 1.5 | 0.0165 | ||
| Smoker | 32 | 4.4 | 15 | 1.0 | 0.0007 | ||
| Visited a primary care physician | 88 | 2.9 | 84 | 1.0 | 0.3157 | ||
| Visited a psychiatrist or mental health professional | 29 | 4.2 | 4 | 0.6 | <0.0001 | ||
| Visited an emergency room | 41 | 4.4 | 26 | 1.3 | <0.0001 | ||
Data are % (percentage of weighted sample) and SE. n = unweighted sample size; N = weighted sample.