American Diabetes Association

Table 2—

Urinary α₁-microglobulin by age, sex, ethnic group, and hypertension status

Variable	n	Geometric mean of α₁-microglobulin (mg/mmol urine creatinine)	P^*
Age-group
<50 years	87	0.85
50–69 years	387	1.30	<0.01^†
≥70 years	116	1.58
Sex
M	296	1.41	0.03
F	294	1.14
Ethnic group
Chinese	476	1.31
Malay	41	1.06	0.50
Indian	67	1.18
Others	6	0.83
Hypertension
No	328	1.20	0.19
Yes	262	1.36

Variable	n	Geometric mean of α₁-microglobulin (mg/mmol urine creatinine)	P^*
Age-group
<50 years	87	0.85
50–69 years	387	1.30	<0.01^†
≥70 years	116	1.58
Sex
M	296	1.41	0.03
F	294	1.14
Ethnic group
Chinese	476	1.31
Malay	41	1.06	0.50
Indian	67	1.18
Others	6	0.83
Hypertension
No	328	1.20	0.19
Yes	262	1.36

Two-sided by Student’s t test or ANOVA;

†

statistically significant between <50 years and 50–69 years (P < 0.01) and between <50 years and ≥70 years (P < 0.01) by Bonferroni test.