Results for patients with different intact proinsulin secretion status
| . | Elevated intact proinsulin (>10 pmol/l) . | Normal intact proinsulin (<10 pmol/l) . | Insulin resistant + normal intact proinsulin . | Insulin sensitive + normal intact proinsulin . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 17 | 31 | 18 | 13 |
| Age (years) | 58 ± 10 | 60 ± 8 | 60 ± 9 | 60 ± 6 |
| Disease duration (months) | 60 ± 45 | 63 ± 46 | 65 ± 54 | 61 ± 34 |
| Body weight (kg) | 99 ± 18 | 88 ± 17* | 90 ± 19 | 85 ± 13* |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 33.2 ± 5.2 | 30.1 ± 4.3* | 30.5 ± 4.9 | 29.5 ± 3.3* |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.5 ± 1.3 | 6.5 ± 1.0† | 6.8 ± 1.1 | 6.2 ± 0.6† |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dl) | 127 ± 32 | 107 ± 29* | 112 ± 33 | 102 ± 22* |
| Fasting insulin (μU/ml) | 15.8 ± 5.6 | 10.1 ± 5.6† | 10.6 ± 6.6* | 9.4 ± 3.9† |
| Fasting intact proinsulin (pmol/l) | 23.7 ± 11.3 | 6.3 ± 2.2‡ | 6.6 ± 1.9‡ | 6.0 ± 2.6‡ |
| Proinsulin/insulin ratio (pmol/mU) | 1.58 ± 0.64 | 0.79 ± 0.50‡ | 0.86 ± 0.58† | 0.71 ± 0.35‡ |
| Resistin (ng/l) | 0.07 ± 0.13 | 0.08 ± 0.15 | 0.07 ± 0.12 | 0.11 ± 0.18 |
| Adiponectin (μg/ml) | 6.46 ± 3.94 | 8.49 ± 5.24 | 9.70 ± 5.66 | 7.61 ± 4.86 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 197 ± 123 | 161 ± 83 | 151 ± 59 | 176 ± 110 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 208 ± 37 | 201 ± 48 | 194 ± 39 | 212 ± 59 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 44 ± 7 | 47 ± 10 | 47 ± 9 | 47 ± 10 |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dl) | 3.0 ± 1.0 | 2.7 ± 0.7 | 2.7 ± 0.8 | 2.6 ± 0.7 |
| Hip/waist circumference ratio | 1.03 ± 0.07 | 1.03 ± 0.07 | 1.04 ± 0.07 | 1.02 ± 0.06 |
| Hypertension | 14 (82%) | 24 (77%) | 14 (78%) | 10 (77%) |
| Complications | ||||
| Macrovascular | 4 (24%) | 6 (19%) | 5 (28%) | 1 (8%) |
| Microvascular | 6 (35%) | 6 (19%) | 3 (17%) | 3 (23%) |
| Therapy | ||||
| No drug | 4 (24%) | 6 (19%) | 4 (22%) | 2 (15%) |
| Sulfonylurea | 12 (71%) | 11 (35%) | 6 (33%) | 5 (38%) |
| Metformine | 8 (47%) | 17 (55%) | 9 (50%) | 8 (62%) |
| . | Elevated intact proinsulin (>10 pmol/l) . | Normal intact proinsulin (<10 pmol/l) . | Insulin resistant + normal intact proinsulin . | Insulin sensitive + normal intact proinsulin . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 17 | 31 | 18 | 13 |
| Age (years) | 58 ± 10 | 60 ± 8 | 60 ± 9 | 60 ± 6 |
| Disease duration (months) | 60 ± 45 | 63 ± 46 | 65 ± 54 | 61 ± 34 |
| Body weight (kg) | 99 ± 18 | 88 ± 17* | 90 ± 19 | 85 ± 13* |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 33.2 ± 5.2 | 30.1 ± 4.3* | 30.5 ± 4.9 | 29.5 ± 3.3* |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.5 ± 1.3 | 6.5 ± 1.0† | 6.8 ± 1.1 | 6.2 ± 0.6† |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dl) | 127 ± 32 | 107 ± 29* | 112 ± 33 | 102 ± 22* |
| Fasting insulin (μU/ml) | 15.8 ± 5.6 | 10.1 ± 5.6† | 10.6 ± 6.6* | 9.4 ± 3.9† |
| Fasting intact proinsulin (pmol/l) | 23.7 ± 11.3 | 6.3 ± 2.2‡ | 6.6 ± 1.9‡ | 6.0 ± 2.6‡ |
| Proinsulin/insulin ratio (pmol/mU) | 1.58 ± 0.64 | 0.79 ± 0.50‡ | 0.86 ± 0.58† | 0.71 ± 0.35‡ |
| Resistin (ng/l) | 0.07 ± 0.13 | 0.08 ± 0.15 | 0.07 ± 0.12 | 0.11 ± 0.18 |
| Adiponectin (μg/ml) | 6.46 ± 3.94 | 8.49 ± 5.24 | 9.70 ± 5.66 | 7.61 ± 4.86 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 197 ± 123 | 161 ± 83 | 151 ± 59 | 176 ± 110 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 208 ± 37 | 201 ± 48 | 194 ± 39 | 212 ± 59 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 44 ± 7 | 47 ± 10 | 47 ± 9 | 47 ± 10 |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dl) | 3.0 ± 1.0 | 2.7 ± 0.7 | 2.7 ± 0.8 | 2.6 ± 0.7 |
| Hip/waist circumference ratio | 1.03 ± 0.07 | 1.03 ± 0.07 | 1.04 ± 0.07 | 1.02 ± 0.06 |
| Hypertension | 14 (82%) | 24 (77%) | 14 (78%) | 10 (77%) |
| Complications | ||||
| Macrovascular | 4 (24%) | 6 (19%) | 5 (28%) | 1 (8%) |
| Microvascular | 6 (35%) | 6 (19%) | 3 (17%) | 3 (23%) |
| Therapy | ||||
| No drug | 4 (24%) | 6 (19%) | 4 (22%) | 2 (15%) |
| Sulfonylurea | 12 (71%) | 11 (35%) | 6 (33%) | 5 (38%) |
| Metformine | 8 (47%) | 17 (55%) | 9 (50%) | 8 (62%) |
Data are means ± SD or n (%).
P < 0.05,
P < 0.001, and
P < 0.001 vs. elevated proinsulin group.