Association between self-efficacy score and self-management outcomes
| Model . | Diet coefficient* . | Exercise coefficient* . | SMBG OR* . | Foot care OR* . | Medication OR* . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Unadjusted | 0.16 (0.072–0.24) | 0.11 (0.026–0.19) | 1.18 (1.06–1.33) | 1.23 (1.13–1.43) | 1.04 (0.93–1.17), NS |
| B. Adjusted for diabetes factors† | 0.14 (0.06–0.23) | 0.09 (0.015–0.18) | 1.16 (1.03–1.31) | 1.22 (1.10–1.41) | 1.10 (0.94–1.20), NS |
| C. Adjusted for above and race/ ethnicity‡ | 0.15 (0.065–0.23) | 0.09 (0.011–0.18) | 1.15 (1.10–1.42) | 1.24 (1.04–1.33) | 1.05 (0.94–1.20), NS |
| D. Final model: adjusted for above and health literacy§ | 0.16 (0.075–0.24) | 0.10 (0.020–0.19) | 1.14 (1.04–1.33) | 1.27 (1.13–1.45) | 1.08 (0.96–1.22), NS |
| Model . | Diet coefficient* . | Exercise coefficient* . | SMBG OR* . | Foot care OR* . | Medication OR* . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Unadjusted | 0.16 (0.072–0.24) | 0.11 (0.026–0.19) | 1.18 (1.06–1.33) | 1.23 (1.13–1.43) | 1.04 (0.93–1.17), NS |
| B. Adjusted for diabetes factors† | 0.14 (0.06–0.23) | 0.09 (0.015–0.18) | 1.16 (1.03–1.31) | 1.22 (1.10–1.41) | 1.10 (0.94–1.20), NS |
| C. Adjusted for above and race/ ethnicity‡ | 0.15 (0.065–0.23) | 0.09 (0.011–0.18) | 1.15 (1.10–1.42) | 1.24 (1.04–1.33) | 1.05 (0.94–1.20), NS |
| D. Final model: adjusted for above and health literacy§ | 0.16 (0.075–0.24) | 0.10 (0.020–0.19) | 1.14 (1.04–1.33) | 1.27 (1.13–1.45) | 1.08 (0.96–1.22), NS |
Sequential models with addition of significant covariates are shown. All P values are <0.05 except where indicated by NS.
Regression coefficients/odds ratios (ORs) for a 10-point increase in the 0- to 100-point self-efficacy scale.
Adjusted for duration of diabetes and insulin use.
Adjusted for duration of diabetes, insulin use, and race/ethnicity.
Adjusted for duration of diabetes, insulin use, race/ethnicity, and literacy score.