Univariate analysis of genetic factors tested for association with CD in children with diabetes
| . | Case subjects (%) . | Control subjects (%) . | OR (95%CI) . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 130 | 245 | ||
| HLA-DQB1*02-DQA1*05 | ||||
| Dominant model* | 77 | 53 | 2.97 (1.78–4.97) | <0.001 |
| Codominant model† | ||||
| Two doses of DQB1*02-DQA1*05 | 17 | 7 | 5.94 (2.54–14) | <0.001 |
| Single dose of DQB1*02-DQA1*05 | 60 | 46 | 2.53 (1.48–4.34) | 0.001 |
| No DQB1*02-DQA1*05 | 23 | 47 | 1.0: reference | |
| HLA-DQB1*0302-DQA1*03 | 52 | 65 | 0.58 (0.36–0.93) | 0.024 |
| Cytokines and related molecules | ||||
| IL-1α −889 T/C | ||||
| T | 38 | 49 | 0.64 (0.42–0.98) | 0.041 |
| C | 94 | 90 | 1.69 (0.72–3.93) | 0.23 |
| IL-1β | ||||
| −511 C | 88 | 91 | 0.84 (0.42–1.69) | 0.64 |
| −511 T | 59 | 56 | 1.12 (0.72–1.74) | 0.61 |
| +3962 C | 98 | 97 | 1.84 (0.47–7.2) | 0.38 |
| +3962 T | 41 | 45 | 0.82 (0.54–1.26) | 0.37 |
| IL-1R 1970 C/T | ||||
| C | 88 | 87 | 1.15 (0.58–2.30) | 0.69 |
| T | 59 | 55 | 1.18 (0.76–1.87) | 0.46 |
| IL-1RA 11100 T/C | ||||
| T | 89 | 93 | 0.59 (0.27–1.31) | 0.20 |
| C | 53 | 59 | 0.81 (0.52–1.26) | 0.36 |
| IFN-γ UTR 5644 A/T | ||||
| A | 84 | 82 | 1.19 (0.68–2.10) | 0.54 |
| T | 72 | 72 | 1.00 (0.61–1.63) | 1.0 |
| TGF-β1 | ||||
| Codon 10 C | 68 | 60 | 1.35 (0.87–2.11) | 0.12 |
| Codon 10 T | 81 | 84 | 0.77 (0.43–1.37) | 0.37 |
| Codon 25 G | 100 | 99 | 0.99 | |
| Codon 25 C | 12 | 15 | 0.75 (0.38–1.46) | 0.40 |
| TNF-α | ||||
| −308 G | 90 | 93 | 0.59 (0.26–1.36) | 0.22 |
| −308 A | 68 | 45 | 2.7 (1.7–4.31) | <0.001 |
| −238 G | 100 | 100 | 0.99 | |
| −238 A | 5 | 10 | 0.44 (0.18–1.1) | 0.080 |
| IL-2 | ||||
| −330 T | 95 | 95 | 1.01 (0.34–2.7) | 0.98 |
| −330 G | 52 | 47 | 1.22 (0.78–1.91) | 0.38 |
| +160 G | 85 | 83 | 1.36 (0.74–2.48) | 0.32 |
| +160 T | 54 | 63 | 0.67 (0.43–1.03) | 0.068 |
| IL-6 | ||||
| −174 G | 79 | 82 | 0.84 (0.5–1.44) | 0.54 |
| −174 C | 71 | 70 | 1.2 (0.73–1.99) | 0.46 |
| nt565 G | 82 | 86 | 0.76 (0.44–1.33) | 0.34 |
| nt565 A | 67 | 68 | 1.05 (0.65–1.71) | 0.83 |
| IL-10 haplotype | ||||
| ACC | 59 | 50 | 1.52 (0.98–2.34) | 0.064 |
| ATA | 47 | 51 | 0.77 (0.49–1.19) | 0.24 |
| GCC | 61 | 64 | 0.98 (0.68–1.52) | 0.94 |
| CTLA4 | ||||
| +49A | 86 | 80 | 1.44 (0.81–2.57) | 0.21 |
| +49G | 59 | 64 | 0.9 (0.59–1.38) | 0.64 |
| . | Case subjects (%) . | Control subjects (%) . | OR (95%CI) . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 130 | 245 | ||
| HLA-DQB1*02-DQA1*05 | ||||
| Dominant model* | 77 | 53 | 2.97 (1.78–4.97) | <0.001 |
| Codominant model† | ||||
| Two doses of DQB1*02-DQA1*05 | 17 | 7 | 5.94 (2.54–14) | <0.001 |
| Single dose of DQB1*02-DQA1*05 | 60 | 46 | 2.53 (1.48–4.34) | 0.001 |
| No DQB1*02-DQA1*05 | 23 | 47 | 1.0: reference | |
| HLA-DQB1*0302-DQA1*03 | 52 | 65 | 0.58 (0.36–0.93) | 0.024 |
| Cytokines and related molecules | ||||
| IL-1α −889 T/C | ||||
| T | 38 | 49 | 0.64 (0.42–0.98) | 0.041 |
| C | 94 | 90 | 1.69 (0.72–3.93) | 0.23 |
| IL-1β | ||||
| −511 C | 88 | 91 | 0.84 (0.42–1.69) | 0.64 |
| −511 T | 59 | 56 | 1.12 (0.72–1.74) | 0.61 |
| +3962 C | 98 | 97 | 1.84 (0.47–7.2) | 0.38 |
| +3962 T | 41 | 45 | 0.82 (0.54–1.26) | 0.37 |
| IL-1R 1970 C/T | ||||
| C | 88 | 87 | 1.15 (0.58–2.30) | 0.69 |
| T | 59 | 55 | 1.18 (0.76–1.87) | 0.46 |
| IL-1RA 11100 T/C | ||||
| T | 89 | 93 | 0.59 (0.27–1.31) | 0.20 |
| C | 53 | 59 | 0.81 (0.52–1.26) | 0.36 |
| IFN-γ UTR 5644 A/T | ||||
| A | 84 | 82 | 1.19 (0.68–2.10) | 0.54 |
| T | 72 | 72 | 1.00 (0.61–1.63) | 1.0 |
| TGF-β1 | ||||
| Codon 10 C | 68 | 60 | 1.35 (0.87–2.11) | 0.12 |
| Codon 10 T | 81 | 84 | 0.77 (0.43–1.37) | 0.37 |
| Codon 25 G | 100 | 99 | 0.99 | |
| Codon 25 C | 12 | 15 | 0.75 (0.38–1.46) | 0.40 |
| TNF-α | ||||
| −308 G | 90 | 93 | 0.59 (0.26–1.36) | 0.22 |
| −308 A | 68 | 45 | 2.7 (1.7–4.31) | <0.001 |
| −238 G | 100 | 100 | 0.99 | |
| −238 A | 5 | 10 | 0.44 (0.18–1.1) | 0.080 |
| IL-2 | ||||
| −330 T | 95 | 95 | 1.01 (0.34–2.7) | 0.98 |
| −330 G | 52 | 47 | 1.22 (0.78–1.91) | 0.38 |
| +160 G | 85 | 83 | 1.36 (0.74–2.48) | 0.32 |
| +160 T | 54 | 63 | 0.67 (0.43–1.03) | 0.068 |
| IL-6 | ||||
| −174 G | 79 | 82 | 0.84 (0.5–1.44) | 0.54 |
| −174 C | 71 | 70 | 1.2 (0.73–1.99) | 0.46 |
| nt565 G | 82 | 86 | 0.76 (0.44–1.33) | 0.34 |
| nt565 A | 67 | 68 | 1.05 (0.65–1.71) | 0.83 |
| IL-10 haplotype | ||||
| ACC | 59 | 50 | 1.52 (0.98–2.34) | 0.064 |
| ATA | 47 | 51 | 0.77 (0.49–1.19) | 0.24 |
| GCC | 61 | 64 | 0.98 (0.68–1.52) | 0.94 |
| CTLA4 | ||||
| +49A | 86 | 80 | 1.44 (0.81–2.57) | 0.21 |
| +49G | 59 | 64 | 0.9 (0.59–1.38) | 0.64 |
The ORs come from conditional logistic regression models where the outcome variable was the presence of CD in the diabetic child (i.e., whether the individual is a case = 1 versus a control = 0). The conditioning variable was the identifier of the matched set (matching stratum). The model was adjusted for the matching variables of age at diabetes onset and duration of diabetes. The presented P values are not corrected for multiple testing.
In the dominant model, the predictor variable was 1 when any DQB1*02-DQA1*05 was present (irrespective of dose) and 0 when no DQB1*02-DQA1*05 was present.
In the codominant model, two indicator variables compare the levels of risk associated with the double dose and the single dose of HLA-DQB1*02-DQA1*05, relative to its absence.