Phenotypic characteristics of D/D homozygotes and D/N heterozygotes by diagnosis
| Diagnosis . | Genotype . | n . | Age (years) . | Age at diagnosis (years) . | BMI (kg/m2) . | Waist-to-hip ratio . | Fasting glucose (mmol/l) . | 60-min glucose (mmol/l) . | 120-min glucose (mmol/l) . | Fasting insulin (pmol/l) . | 60-min insulin (pmol/l) . | Δ insulin/ Δ glucose . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal | ||||||||||||
| D/D | 366 | 41.0 ± 14.4 | — | 27.8 ± 6.1 | 0.906 ± 0.097* | 4.82 ± 0.58 | 7.57 ± 2.31 | 5.58 ± 1.39 | 73 ± 56 | 507 ± 412 | 0.96 ± 5.18 | |
| D/N | 7 | 35.8 ± 12.0 | — | 26.7 ± 5.1 | 0.831 ± 0.090* | 4.55 ± 0.25 | 7.59 ± 1.16 | 5.57 ± 1.31 | 57 ± 33 | 381 ± 259 | 0.96 ± 0.60 | |
| IGT | ||||||||||||
| D/D | 81 | 54.5 ± 13.7 | — | 28.5 ± 5.7 | 0.990 ± 0.270 | 4.99 ± 0.67 | 10.22 ± 2.01 | 9.29 ± 0.90 | 82 ± 76 | 500 ± 318 | 0.78 ± 0.53 | |
| D/N | 3 | 60.2 ± 23.9 | — | 29.2 ± 2.0 | 0.916 ± 0.122 | 5.36 ± 1.18 | 9.41 ± 0.53 | 9.31 ± 1.18 | 95 ± 62 | 449 ± 374 | 0.75 ± 0.54 | |
| Diabetes | ||||||||||||
| D/D | 245 | 62.0 ± 12.3 | 52.3 ± 12.6 | 30.8 ± 5.7† | 0.981 ± 0.081 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| D/N | 6 | 57.6 ± 9.7 | 48.7 ± 9.8 | 25.7 ± 1.6† | 0.963 ± 0.032 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Diagnosis . | Genotype . | n . | Age (years) . | Age at diagnosis (years) . | BMI (kg/m2) . | Waist-to-hip ratio . | Fasting glucose (mmol/l) . | 60-min glucose (mmol/l) . | 120-min glucose (mmol/l) . | Fasting insulin (pmol/l) . | 60-min insulin (pmol/l) . | Δ insulin/ Δ glucose . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal | ||||||||||||
| D/D | 366 | 41.0 ± 14.4 | — | 27.8 ± 6.1 | 0.906 ± 0.097* | 4.82 ± 0.58 | 7.57 ± 2.31 | 5.58 ± 1.39 | 73 ± 56 | 507 ± 412 | 0.96 ± 5.18 | |
| D/N | 7 | 35.8 ± 12.0 | — | 26.7 ± 5.1 | 0.831 ± 0.090* | 4.55 ± 0.25 | 7.59 ± 1.16 | 5.57 ± 1.31 | 57 ± 33 | 381 ± 259 | 0.96 ± 0.60 | |
| IGT | ||||||||||||
| D/D | 81 | 54.5 ± 13.7 | — | 28.5 ± 5.7 | 0.990 ± 0.270 | 4.99 ± 0.67 | 10.22 ± 2.01 | 9.29 ± 0.90 | 82 ± 76 | 500 ± 318 | 0.78 ± 0.53 | |
| D/N | 3 | 60.2 ± 23.9 | — | 29.2 ± 2.0 | 0.916 ± 0.122 | 5.36 ± 1.18 | 9.41 ± 0.53 | 9.31 ± 1.18 | 95 ± 62 | 449 ± 374 | 0.75 ± 0.54 | |
| Diabetes | ||||||||||||
| D/D | 245 | 62.0 ± 12.3 | 52.3 ± 12.6 | 30.8 ± 5.7† | 0.981 ± 0.081 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| D/N | 6 | 57.6 ± 9.7 | 48.7 ± 9.8 | 25.7 ± 1.6† | 0.963 ± 0.032 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Data are means ± SD. Characteristics of individuals carrying the N allele (D/N) and wild-type individuals (D/D) are shown for the full pedigree study. IGT was defined by World Health Organization criteria, normal individuals had normal glucose tolerance tests, and diabetes represents type 2 diabetes by treatment or diabetic glucose tolerance test, using World Health Organization criteria. Δ insulin/Δ glucose, change in insulin from basal to 60 min divided by the change in glucose over the same time.
P = 0.05,
P = 0.012.