Characteristics of the study cohort
| . | Total population . | Subjects without metabolic syndrome . | Subjects with metabolic syndrome . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 3,033 | 1,886 | 1,147 | — |
| Age (years) | 74 ± 2.9 | 74 ± 2.9 | 74 ± 2.8 | NS |
| Male (%) | 48 | 52 | 42 | <0.0001 |
| African American (%) | 42 | 42 | 41 | NS |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27 ± 4.9 | 27 ± 4.7 | 29 ± 4.8 | <0.0001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 100 ± 13 | 98 ± 13 | 102 ± 12 | <0.0001 |
| High blood pressure (%) | 39 | 35 | 45 | <0.0001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 136 ± 21 | 134 ± 21 | 139 ± 21 | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 71 ± 12 | 71 ± 12 | 72 ± 11 | NS |
| Diabetes (%) | 19 | 7 | 38 | <0.0001 |
| Glucose intolerance (%)* | 24 | 9 | 49 | <0.0001 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/l) | 5.83 ± 1.94 | 5.33 ± 1.28 | 6.66 ± 2.55 | <0.0001 |
| Fasting insulin (units/ml) | 8.55 ± 7.52 | 7.31 ± 5.99 | 10.90 ± 9.34 | <0.0001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.37 ± 1.13 | 6.12 ± 0.83 | 6.78 ± 1.40 | <0.0001 |
| Lipid-lowering drugs (%) | 15 | 13 | 19 | <0.0001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5.25 ± 1.01 | 5.22 ± 0.096 | 5.28 ± 1.06 | NS |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 3.15 ± 0.91 | 3.15 ± 0.88 | 3.13 ± 0.93 | NS |
| Low HDL cholesterol (%) | 29 | 10 | 62 | <0.0001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.40 ± 0.44 | 1.53 ± 0.44 | 1.19 ± 0.36 | <0.0001 |
| High triglycerides (%) | 30 | 9.2 | 66 | <0.0001 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.56 ± 0.93 | 1.22 ± 0.48 | 2.14 ± 1.19 | <0.0001 |
| Triglyceride-to-HDL molar ratio | 1.31 ± 1.22 | 0.88 ± 0.50 | 2.01 ± 1.65 | <0.0001 |
| Smoking: former/current (%) | 46/10 | 46/11 | 46/9.1 | NS |
| Average pack-years among smokers | 19 ± 28 | 19 ± 27 | 20 ± 21 | NS |
| OxLDL (mg/dl) | 1.32 ± 0.74 | 1.23 ± 0.67 | 1.45 ± 0.82 | <0.0001 |
| OxLDL (% of LDL) | 1.09 ± 0.53 | 1.01 ± 0.46 | 1.21 ± 0.59 | <0.0001 |
| . | Total population . | Subjects without metabolic syndrome . | Subjects with metabolic syndrome . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 3,033 | 1,886 | 1,147 | — |
| Age (years) | 74 ± 2.9 | 74 ± 2.9 | 74 ± 2.8 | NS |
| Male (%) | 48 | 52 | 42 | <0.0001 |
| African American (%) | 42 | 42 | 41 | NS |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27 ± 4.9 | 27 ± 4.7 | 29 ± 4.8 | <0.0001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 100 ± 13 | 98 ± 13 | 102 ± 12 | <0.0001 |
| High blood pressure (%) | 39 | 35 | 45 | <0.0001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 136 ± 21 | 134 ± 21 | 139 ± 21 | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 71 ± 12 | 71 ± 12 | 72 ± 11 | NS |
| Diabetes (%) | 19 | 7 | 38 | <0.0001 |
| Glucose intolerance (%)* | 24 | 9 | 49 | <0.0001 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/l) | 5.83 ± 1.94 | 5.33 ± 1.28 | 6.66 ± 2.55 | <0.0001 |
| Fasting insulin (units/ml) | 8.55 ± 7.52 | 7.31 ± 5.99 | 10.90 ± 9.34 | <0.0001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.37 ± 1.13 | 6.12 ± 0.83 | 6.78 ± 1.40 | <0.0001 |
| Lipid-lowering drugs (%) | 15 | 13 | 19 | <0.0001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5.25 ± 1.01 | 5.22 ± 0.096 | 5.28 ± 1.06 | NS |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 3.15 ± 0.91 | 3.15 ± 0.88 | 3.13 ± 0.93 | NS |
| Low HDL cholesterol (%) | 29 | 10 | 62 | <0.0001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.40 ± 0.44 | 1.53 ± 0.44 | 1.19 ± 0.36 | <0.0001 |
| High triglycerides (%) | 30 | 9.2 | 66 | <0.0001 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.56 ± 0.93 | 1.22 ± 0.48 | 2.14 ± 1.19 | <0.0001 |
| Triglyceride-to-HDL molar ratio | 1.31 ± 1.22 | 0.88 ± 0.50 | 2.01 ± 1.65 | <0.0001 |
| Smoking: former/current (%) | 46/10 | 46/11 | 46/9.1 | NS |
| Average pack-years among smokers | 19 ± 28 | 19 ± 27 | 20 ± 21 | NS |
| OxLDL (mg/dl) | 1.32 ± 0.74 | 1.23 ± 0.67 | 1.45 ± 0.82 | <0.0001 |
| OxLDL (% of LDL) | 1.09 ± 0.53 | 1.01 ± 0.46 | 1.21 ± 0.59 | <0.0001 |
Data are means ± SD. Subjects without and with the metabolic syndrome were compared with the Kruskal-Wallis or χ2 test.
Glucose intolerance determined according to American Diabetes Association criteria.