Baseline and follow-up characteristics in initially normoalbuminuric long-duration type 1 diabetic patients who did (progressors) or did not develop abnormal albumin excretion (nonprogressors) during 7-year follow-up
| . | Baseline . | . | Follow-up . | . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Nonprogressors (62) . | Progressors (24) . | Nonprogressors . | Progressors . | ||
| Age (years) | 55 ± 10 | 60 ± 11 | ||||
| Men:women | 38:24 | 18:6 | ||||
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 37 ± 7 | 39 ± 6 | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.7 ± 3.5 | 25.7 ± 2.5 | 26.4 ± 3.8 | 26.7 ± 3.6 | ||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 141 ± 20 | 142 ± 21 | 145 ± 17 | 145 ± 20 | ||
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 75 ± 8 | 78 ± 9 | 75 ± 9 | 75 ± 8 | ||
| HbAIc (%) | 6.8 ± 1.0 | 7.0 ± 1.7 | 8.5 ± 1.0 | 8.5 ± 1 | ||
| Serum creatinine (μmol/l) | 85 ± 22 | 92 ± 24 | 92 ± 13 | 100 ± 16* | ||
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5.4 ± 1.0 | 5.8 ± 1.5 | 5.5 ± 0.9 | 5.7 ± 1.1 | ||
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.0 (0.3–3.1) | 1.4 (0.6–3.5)† | 1.2 (0.5–3.2) | 1.6 (0.6–4.1) | ||
| AER at baseline (μg/min) | 4.0 (0.4–17.5) | 9.0 (3.8–18.0)‡ | ||||
| ACR at follow-up (mg/mmol) | 0.55 ± 0.76 | 14.54 ± 35 | ||||
| History of smoking (%) | 37 | 46 | ||||
| Preexisting cardiovascular disease | 36 | 38 | 42 | 50 | ||
| Treatment for hypertension (%) | 19 | 37 | 45 | 61 | ||
| Lipid-lowering agents (%) | 3 | 8 | 19 | 39 | ||
| . | Baseline . | . | Follow-up . | . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Nonprogressors (62) . | Progressors (24) . | Nonprogressors . | Progressors . | ||
| Age (years) | 55 ± 10 | 60 ± 11 | ||||
| Men:women | 38:24 | 18:6 | ||||
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 37 ± 7 | 39 ± 6 | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.7 ± 3.5 | 25.7 ± 2.5 | 26.4 ± 3.8 | 26.7 ± 3.6 | ||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 141 ± 20 | 142 ± 21 | 145 ± 17 | 145 ± 20 | ||
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 75 ± 8 | 78 ± 9 | 75 ± 9 | 75 ± 8 | ||
| HbAIc (%) | 6.8 ± 1.0 | 7.0 ± 1.7 | 8.5 ± 1.0 | 8.5 ± 1 | ||
| Serum creatinine (μmol/l) | 85 ± 22 | 92 ± 24 | 92 ± 13 | 100 ± 16* | ||
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5.4 ± 1.0 | 5.8 ± 1.5 | 5.5 ± 0.9 | 5.7 ± 1.1 | ||
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.0 (0.3–3.1) | 1.4 (0.6–3.5)† | 1.2 (0.5–3.2) | 1.6 (0.6–4.1) | ||
| AER at baseline (μg/min) | 4.0 (0.4–17.5) | 9.0 (3.8–18.0)‡ | ||||
| ACR at follow-up (mg/mmol) | 0.55 ± 0.76 | 14.54 ± 35 | ||||
| History of smoking (%) | 37 | 46 | ||||
| Preexisting cardiovascular disease | 36 | 38 | 42 | 50 | ||
| Treatment for hypertension (%) | 19 | 37 | 45 | 61 | ||
| Lipid-lowering agents (%) | 3 | 8 | 19 | 39 | ||
Data are means ± SD or median (range).
P = 0.047;
P = 0.027;
P < 0.001. For HbAIc, note that the assays used were enzyme immunoassay (reference range 4.4–5.2%) at baseline and ion exchange liquid chromatography (reference range <6.1%) at follow-up. Student’s t test or χ2 test were used as appropriate. Serum triglycerides and AER were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test.