Comparison of baseline characteristics between men and women who developed or did not develop diabetes at 6 years*
| . | Men . | . | . | Women . | . | . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Nondiabetic . | Diabetic . | Age-adjusted P value . | Nondiabetic . | Diabetic . | Age-adjusted P value . | ||||
| n | 1,323 | 60 | 1,407 | 30 | ||||||
| Age (years) | 46.9 ± 9.9 | 50.5 ± 9.6 | 47.4 ± 9.9 | 53.2 ± 8.2 | ||||||
| A1C (%) | 5.4 ± 0.4 | 5.8 ± 0.5 | <0.0001 | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 5.9 ± 0.6 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l) | 5.54 ± 0.48 | 6.17 ± 0.50 | <0.0001 | 5.17 ± 0.46 | 6.00 ± 0.61 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Insulin (pmol/l) | 41.1 ×/÷ 1.7 | 57.9 ×/÷ 1.8 | <0.0001 | 39.2 ×/÷ 1.6 | 64.5 ×/÷ 1.8 | <0.0001 | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.1 ± 2.9 | 27.6 ± 4.3 | <0.0001 | 23.6 ± 3.7 | 29.4 ± 6.0 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Waist circumference (cm) | 89 ± 9 | 98 ± 11 | <0.0001 | 77 ± 10 | 91 ± 13 | <0.0001 | ||||
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.51 ± 0.38 | 1.47 ± 0.44 | 0.3 | 1.82 ± 0.42 | 1.48 ± 0.38 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.12 ×/÷ 1.7 | 1.67 ×/÷ 1.8 | <0.0001 | 0.84 ×/÷ 1.64 | 1.50 ×/÷ 1.57 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 132 ± 14 | 139 ± 16 | 0.001 | 126 ± 14 | 138 ± 16 | 0.0005 | ||||
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 82 ± 10 | 84 ± 9 | 0.1 | 77 ± 9 | 83 ± 6 | 0.003 | ||||
| Hypertension (%)† | 42 | 63 | 0.008 | 29 | 63 | 0.006 | ||||
| Family history of diabetes (%) | 17 | 25 | 0.08 | 20 | 47 | 0.0006 | ||||
| Sporting activity (%) | ||||||||||
| None | 46 | 53 | 50 | 77 | ||||||
| Moderate (<1 session per week) | 20 | 22 | 0.5 | 15 | 13 | 0.03 | ||||
| Frequent (≥1 session per week) | 34 | 25 | 35 | 10 | ||||||
| Smoking (%) | 25 | 28 | 0.2 | 12 | 13 | 0.2 | ||||
| Alcohol intake (%)‡ | ||||||||||
| None | 13 | 7 | 36 | 27 | ||||||
| Moderate | 73 | 65 | 0.02 | 41 | 50 | 0.5 | ||||
| Elevated | 14 | 28 | 23 | 23 | ||||||
| Child with birth weight >4 kg | — | — | — | 15 | 31 | 0.03 | ||||
| . | Men . | . | . | Women . | . | . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Nondiabetic . | Diabetic . | Age-adjusted P value . | Nondiabetic . | Diabetic . | Age-adjusted P value . | ||||
| n | 1,323 | 60 | 1,407 | 30 | ||||||
| Age (years) | 46.9 ± 9.9 | 50.5 ± 9.6 | 47.4 ± 9.9 | 53.2 ± 8.2 | ||||||
| A1C (%) | 5.4 ± 0.4 | 5.8 ± 0.5 | <0.0001 | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 5.9 ± 0.6 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l) | 5.54 ± 0.48 | 6.17 ± 0.50 | <0.0001 | 5.17 ± 0.46 | 6.00 ± 0.61 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Insulin (pmol/l) | 41.1 ×/÷ 1.7 | 57.9 ×/÷ 1.8 | <0.0001 | 39.2 ×/÷ 1.6 | 64.5 ×/÷ 1.8 | <0.0001 | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.1 ± 2.9 | 27.6 ± 4.3 | <0.0001 | 23.6 ± 3.7 | 29.4 ± 6.0 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Waist circumference (cm) | 89 ± 9 | 98 ± 11 | <0.0001 | 77 ± 10 | 91 ± 13 | <0.0001 | ||||
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.51 ± 0.38 | 1.47 ± 0.44 | 0.3 | 1.82 ± 0.42 | 1.48 ± 0.38 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.12 ×/÷ 1.7 | 1.67 ×/÷ 1.8 | <0.0001 | 0.84 ×/÷ 1.64 | 1.50 ×/÷ 1.57 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 132 ± 14 | 139 ± 16 | 0.001 | 126 ± 14 | 138 ± 16 | 0.0005 | ||||
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 82 ± 10 | 84 ± 9 | 0.1 | 77 ± 9 | 83 ± 6 | 0.003 | ||||
| Hypertension (%)† | 42 | 63 | 0.008 | 29 | 63 | 0.006 | ||||
| Family history of diabetes (%) | 17 | 25 | 0.08 | 20 | 47 | 0.0006 | ||||
| Sporting activity (%) | ||||||||||
| None | 46 | 53 | 50 | 77 | ||||||
| Moderate (<1 session per week) | 20 | 22 | 0.5 | 15 | 13 | 0.03 | ||||
| Frequent (≥1 session per week) | 34 | 25 | 35 | 10 | ||||||
| Smoking (%) | 25 | 28 | 0.2 | 12 | 13 | 0.2 | ||||
| Alcohol intake (%)‡ | ||||||||||
| None | 13 | 7 | 36 | 27 | ||||||
| Moderate | 73 | 65 | 0.02 | 41 | 50 | 0.5 | ||||
| Elevated | 14 | 28 | 23 | 23 | ||||||
| Child with birth weight >4 kg | — | — | — | 15 | 31 | 0.03 | ||||
Data are means ± SD, geometric mean ×/÷ SD, or column %.
Comparisons are adjusted on age.
Arterial hypertension was defined by a systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or a diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg and/or an antihypertensive treatment (30).
Alcohol intake coding: no consumption, moderate (1–20 g/day for women and 1–40 g/day for men), and elevated (>20 g/day for women and >40 g/day for men).