Target and actual nutrient composition of the experimental diets and fat blends
| Nutrient . | Target . | Biochemical analysis . | . | . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | . | M diet . | S diet . | T diet . | ||
| Carbohydrate (% energy) | 54 | 57.2 ± 0.4 | 58.0 ± 0.4 | 57.8 ± 0.5 | ||
| Protein (% energy) | 16 | 14.8 ± 0.2 | 15.3 ± 0.5 | 15.2 ± 0.7 | ||
| Total fat (% energy) | 30 | 27.8 ± 0.4 | 27.0 ± 0.6 | 26.8 ± 0.2 | ||
| Saturated fat (% energy) | 5 | 5.8 ± 0.6 | 2.9 ± 0.1 | 7.3 ± 0.1 | ||
| Monounsaturated fat (% energy) | 10 | 15.2 ± 0.6* | 9.3 ± 0.3 | 8.4 ± 0.1 | ||
| Polyunsaturated fat (% energy) | 6 | 6.3 ± 0.1 | 6.4 ± 0.2 | 4.0 ± 0.1 | ||
| Test fatty acid (% Energy) | 9 | * | 8.4 ± 0.1 | 7.3 ± 0.2 | ||
| C12:0 (% of total fatty acid) | — | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | — | ||
| C14:0 (% of total fatty acid) | — | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 3.6 ± 0.2 | ||
| C16:0 (% of total fatty acid) | — | 12.9 ± 0.3 | 31.4 ± 0.4 | 12.5 ± 0.1 | ||
| C16:1 (% of total fatty acid) | — | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | — | ||
| C18:0 (% of total fatty acid) | — | 6.1 ± 0.6 | 6.2 ± 0.6 | 10.8 ± 0.1 | ||
| C18:1cis (% of total fatty acid) | — | 54.9 ± 1.1 | 33.6 ± 0.5 | 29.4 ± 0.4 | ||
| C18:1trans (% of total fatty acid) | — | — | — | 27.0 ± 0.4 | ||
| C18:2 (% of total fatty acid) | — | 22.7 ± 0.2 | 23.6 ± 0.3 | 14.9 ± 0.2 | ||
| C20:1 (% of total fatty acid) | — | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.02 | ||
| Fatty acid content of fat blends (database values) | ||||||
| Saturated fat (%) | — | 16.9 | 61.4 | 21.6 | ||
| Monounsaturated fat (%) | — | 71.7 | 28.3 | 22.1 | ||
| Polyunsaturated fat (%) | — | 10.1 | 9.6 | 10.3 | ||
| Test fatty acid (%) | — | 71.7 | 50.1 | 22.1 | ||
| Nutrient . | Target . | Biochemical analysis . | . | . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | . | M diet . | S diet . | T diet . | ||
| Carbohydrate (% energy) | 54 | 57.2 ± 0.4 | 58.0 ± 0.4 | 57.8 ± 0.5 | ||
| Protein (% energy) | 16 | 14.8 ± 0.2 | 15.3 ± 0.5 | 15.2 ± 0.7 | ||
| Total fat (% energy) | 30 | 27.8 ± 0.4 | 27.0 ± 0.6 | 26.8 ± 0.2 | ||
| Saturated fat (% energy) | 5 | 5.8 ± 0.6 | 2.9 ± 0.1 | 7.3 ± 0.1 | ||
| Monounsaturated fat (% energy) | 10 | 15.2 ± 0.6* | 9.3 ± 0.3 | 8.4 ± 0.1 | ||
| Polyunsaturated fat (% energy) | 6 | 6.3 ± 0.1 | 6.4 ± 0.2 | 4.0 ± 0.1 | ||
| Test fatty acid (% Energy) | 9 | * | 8.4 ± 0.1 | 7.3 ± 0.2 | ||
| C12:0 (% of total fatty acid) | — | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | — | ||
| C14:0 (% of total fatty acid) | — | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 3.6 ± 0.2 | ||
| C16:0 (% of total fatty acid) | — | 12.9 ± 0.3 | 31.4 ± 0.4 | 12.5 ± 0.1 | ||
| C16:1 (% of total fatty acid) | — | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | — | ||
| C18:0 (% of total fatty acid) | — | 6.1 ± 0.6 | 6.2 ± 0.6 | 10.8 ± 0.1 | ||
| C18:1cis (% of total fatty acid) | — | 54.9 ± 1.1 | 33.6 ± 0.5 | 29.4 ± 0.4 | ||
| C18:1trans (% of total fatty acid) | — | — | — | 27.0 ± 0.4 | ||
| C18:2 (% of total fatty acid) | — | 22.7 ± 0.2 | 23.6 ± 0.3 | 14.9 ± 0.2 | ||
| C20:1 (% of total fatty acid) | — | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.02 | ||
| Fatty acid content of fat blends (database values) | ||||||
| Saturated fat (%) | — | 16.9 | 61.4 | 21.6 | ||
| Monounsaturated fat (%) | — | 71.7 | 28.3 | 22.1 | ||
| Polyunsaturated fat (%) | — | 10.1 | 9.6 | 10.3 | ||
| Test fatty acid (%) | — | 71.7 | 50.1 | 22.1 | ||
Data are means ± SE, unless otherwise indicated.
Since C18:1cis is the predominant monounsaturated fatty acid in the diet, it made up most of the monounsaturated fatty acids in all diets. To achieve comparability between diets, we did not attempt to reach 10% of kcal from monounsaturated fatty acids other than C18:1cis; therefore, the test fatty acid for the M diet is part of the total monounsaturated fatty acid category.