RR of type 2 diabetes according to quintiles of sugar intake in a subcohort of women (n = 22,243) without history of hypertension and high cholesterol levels at baseline
| . | Quintiles of sugar intake . | . | . | . | . | P for trend . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | 1 (lowest) . | 2 . | 3 . | 4 . | 5 (highest) . | . | ||||
| Total sugar | ||||||||||
| Case subjects | 70 | 51 | 64 | 45 | 41 | |||||
| Person-years | 26,133 | 26,293 | 26,148 | 26,270 | 26,182 | |||||
| Model 1 | 1.0 | 0.75 (0.52–1.07) | 0.95 (0.67–1.33) | 0.66 (0.45–0.96) | 0.59 (0.40–0.88) | 0.009 | ||||
| Model 2 | 1.0 | 0.86 (0.59–1.24) | 1.10 (0.77–1.57) | 0.85 (0.57–1.25) | 0.77 (0.52–1.15) | 0.26 | ||||
| Sucrose | ||||||||||
| Case subjects | 68 | 52 | 55 | 55 | 41 | |||||
| Person-years | 26,045 | 26,169 | 26,204 | 26,225 | 26,382 | |||||
| Model 1 | 1.0 | 0.83 (0.58–1.19) | 0.84 (0.58–1.19) | 0.78 (0.55–1.13) | 0.60 (0.41–0.88) | 0.03 | ||||
| Model 2 | 1.0 | 0.84 (0.58–1.21) | 0.85 (0.59–1.22) | 0.73 (0.50–1.05) | 0.59 (0.39–0.88) | 0.05 | ||||
| Fructose | ||||||||||
| Case subjects | 55 | 56 | 66 | 44 | 50 | |||||
| Person-years | 26,262 | 26,251 | 26,186 | 26,144 | 26,182 | |||||
| Model 1 | 1.0 | 0.85 (0.57–1.26) | 1.27 (0.89–1.83) | 1.07 (0.74–1.56) | 0.95 (0.64–1.40) | 0.47 | ||||
| Model 2 | 1.0 | 1.16 (0.77–1.74) | 1.61 (1.11–2.33) | 1.17 (0.79–1.71) | 1.24 (0.84–1.85) | 0.30 | ||||
| Glucose | ||||||||||
| Case subjects | 60 | 54 | 61 | 48 | 48 | |||||
| Person-years | 26,296 | 26,166 | 26,270 | 26,224 | 26,069 | |||||
| Model 1 | 1.0 | 0.84 (0.57–1.23) | 1.06 (0.74–1.52) | 0.95 (0.65–1.37) | 0.83 (0.57–1.22) | 0.27 | ||||
| Model 2 | 1.0 | 1.05 (0.71–1.55) | 1.30 (0.89–1.87) | 1.02 (0.70–1.49) | 1.12 (0.76–1.65) | 0.55 | ||||
| Lactose | ||||||||||
| Case subjects | 63 | 58 | 62 | 42 | 46 | |||||
| Person-years | 26,291 | 26,211 | 26,244 | 26,212 | 26,068 | |||||
| Model 1 | 1.0 | 0.69 (0.47–1.03) | 1.03 (0.72–1.45) | 0.94 (0.66–1.35) | 0.76 (0.52–1.12) | 0.06 | ||||
| Model 2 | 1.0 | 0.77 (0.51–1.14) | 1.17 (0.81–1.68) | 1.03 (0.72–1.49) | 0.93 (0.62–1.38) | 0.34 | ||||
| Starch | ||||||||||
| Case subjects | 55 | 58 | 62 | 61 | 35 | |||||
| Person-years | 26,218 | 26,282 | 26,252 | 26,204 | 26,070 | |||||
| Model 1 | 1.0 | 1.11 (0.77–1.60) | 1.21 (0.84–1.74) | 1.20 (0.83–1.74) | 0.72 (0.47–1.10) | 0.34 | ||||
| Model 2 | 1.0 | 1.17 (0.81–1.71) | 1.31 (0.90–1.90) | 1.26 (0.87–1.83) | 0.78 (0.50–1.21) | 0.59 | ||||
| . | Quintiles of sugar intake . | . | . | . | . | P for trend . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | 1 (lowest) . | 2 . | 3 . | 4 . | 5 (highest) . | . | ||||
| Total sugar | ||||||||||
| Case subjects | 70 | 51 | 64 | 45 | 41 | |||||
| Person-years | 26,133 | 26,293 | 26,148 | 26,270 | 26,182 | |||||
| Model 1 | 1.0 | 0.75 (0.52–1.07) | 0.95 (0.67–1.33) | 0.66 (0.45–0.96) | 0.59 (0.40–0.88) | 0.009 | ||||
| Model 2 | 1.0 | 0.86 (0.59–1.24) | 1.10 (0.77–1.57) | 0.85 (0.57–1.25) | 0.77 (0.52–1.15) | 0.26 | ||||
| Sucrose | ||||||||||
| Case subjects | 68 | 52 | 55 | 55 | 41 | |||||
| Person-years | 26,045 | 26,169 | 26,204 | 26,225 | 26,382 | |||||
| Model 1 | 1.0 | 0.83 (0.58–1.19) | 0.84 (0.58–1.19) | 0.78 (0.55–1.13) | 0.60 (0.41–0.88) | 0.03 | ||||
| Model 2 | 1.0 | 0.84 (0.58–1.21) | 0.85 (0.59–1.22) | 0.73 (0.50–1.05) | 0.59 (0.39–0.88) | 0.05 | ||||
| Fructose | ||||||||||
| Case subjects | 55 | 56 | 66 | 44 | 50 | |||||
| Person-years | 26,262 | 26,251 | 26,186 | 26,144 | 26,182 | |||||
| Model 1 | 1.0 | 0.85 (0.57–1.26) | 1.27 (0.89–1.83) | 1.07 (0.74–1.56) | 0.95 (0.64–1.40) | 0.47 | ||||
| Model 2 | 1.0 | 1.16 (0.77–1.74) | 1.61 (1.11–2.33) | 1.17 (0.79–1.71) | 1.24 (0.84–1.85) | 0.30 | ||||
| Glucose | ||||||||||
| Case subjects | 60 | 54 | 61 | 48 | 48 | |||||
| Person-years | 26,296 | 26,166 | 26,270 | 26,224 | 26,069 | |||||
| Model 1 | 1.0 | 0.84 (0.57–1.23) | 1.06 (0.74–1.52) | 0.95 (0.65–1.37) | 0.83 (0.57–1.22) | 0.27 | ||||
| Model 2 | 1.0 | 1.05 (0.71–1.55) | 1.30 (0.89–1.87) | 1.02 (0.70–1.49) | 1.12 (0.76–1.65) | 0.55 | ||||
| Lactose | ||||||||||
| Case subjects | 63 | 58 | 62 | 42 | 46 | |||||
| Person-years | 26,291 | 26,211 | 26,244 | 26,212 | 26,068 | |||||
| Model 1 | 1.0 | 0.69 (0.47–1.03) | 1.03 (0.72–1.45) | 0.94 (0.66–1.35) | 0.76 (0.52–1.12) | 0.06 | ||||
| Model 2 | 1.0 | 0.77 (0.51–1.14) | 1.17 (0.81–1.68) | 1.03 (0.72–1.49) | 0.93 (0.62–1.38) | 0.34 | ||||
| Starch | ||||||||||
| Case subjects | 55 | 58 | 62 | 61 | 35 | |||||
| Person-years | 26,218 | 26,282 | 26,252 | 26,204 | 26,070 | |||||
| Model 1 | 1.0 | 1.11 (0.77–1.60) | 1.21 (0.84–1.74) | 1.20 (0.83–1.74) | 0.72 (0.47–1.10) | 0.34 | ||||
| Model 2 | 1.0 | 1.17 (0.81–1.71) | 1.31 (0.90–1.90) | 1.26 (0.87–1.83) | 0.78 (0.50–1.21) | 0.59 | ||||
Data are RR or RR (95% CI). All covariate values are according to the quintiles of sucrose intake. All the means of nutrients are energy-adjusted. Model 1: age and smoking adjusted. Model 2: age, smoking, BMI, vigorous exercise, alcohol use, postmenopausal hormone use, multivitamin use, history of hypertension, high cholesterol, and family history of diabetes.