American Diabetes Association

TABLE 3

Phenotypic appearance of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPARγ among MZ and DZ twins

	Pro/Pro			Pro/Ala + Ala/Ala			P (ANOVA)
		MZ	DZ	MZ	DZ	Zygosity	Genotype
Subjects (families)	161 ± 90	268 ± 135	47 ± 29	77 ± 41
Age (years)	67.2 ± 0.4	66.1 ± 0.4	66.9 ± 1.0	66.8 ± 0.8
BMI (kg/m²)	25.9 ± 0.4	25.7 ± 0.3	25.0 ± 0.6	25.1 ± 0.4	0.70	0.09
Waist-to-hip ratio	0.877 ± 0.008	0.868 ± 0.007	0.871 ± 0.015	0.862 ± 0.010	0.37	0.50
Glucose (mmol/l)
0 min	5.97 ± 0.11	5.99 ± 0.08	6.04 ± 0.20	5.72 ± 0.13	0.62	0.22
30 min	9.62 ± 0.20	9.38 ± 0.15	9.68 ± 0.36	8.94 ± 0.25	0.09	0.26
120 min	7.36 ± 0.28	7.26 ± 0.19	6.52 ± 0.46	6.30 ± 0.30	0.65	0.0034
AUC	272 ± 14	245 ± 10	219 ± 26	204 ± 19	0.096	0.016
Insulin (pmol/l)
0 min	42.9 ± 2.2	39.3 ± 1.5	32.8 ± 2.9	35.6 ± 2.2	0.42	0.0078
30 min	274 ± 18	230 ± 10	241 ± 27	221 ± 17	0.029	0.35
120 min	249 ± 19	223 ± 12	169 ± 20	164 ± 14	0.25	<0.0001
AUC	24,302 ± 1,548	20,490 ± 1,022	20,320 ± 1,926	17,546 ± 1,313	0.016	0.021
HOMA	1.90 ± 0.11	1.75 ± 0.07	1.47 ± 0.15	1.51 ± 0.11	0.38	0.0075

	Pro/Pro			Pro/Ala + Ala/Ala			P (ANOVA)
		MZ	DZ	MZ	DZ	Zygosity	Genotype
Subjects (families)	161 ± 90	268 ± 135	47 ± 29	77 ± 41
Age (years)	67.2 ± 0.4	66.1 ± 0.4	66.9 ± 1.0	66.8 ± 0.8
BMI (kg/m²)	25.9 ± 0.4	25.7 ± 0.3	25.0 ± 0.6	25.1 ± 0.4	0.70	0.09
Waist-to-hip ratio	0.877 ± 0.008	0.868 ± 0.007	0.871 ± 0.015	0.862 ± 0.010	0.37	0.50
Glucose (mmol/l)
0 min	5.97 ± 0.11	5.99 ± 0.08	6.04 ± 0.20	5.72 ± 0.13	0.62	0.22
30 min	9.62 ± 0.20	9.38 ± 0.15	9.68 ± 0.36	8.94 ± 0.25	0.09	0.26
120 min	7.36 ± 0.28	7.26 ± 0.19	6.52 ± 0.46	6.30 ± 0.30	0.65	0.0034
AUC	272 ± 14	245 ± 10	219 ± 26	204 ± 19	0.096	0.016
Insulin (pmol/l)
0 min	42.9 ± 2.2	39.3 ± 1.5	32.8 ± 2.9	35.6 ± 2.2	0.42	0.0078
30 min	274 ± 18	230 ± 10	241 ± 27	221 ± 17	0.029	0.35
120 min	249 ± 19	223 ± 12	169 ± 20	164 ± 14	0.25	<0.0001
AUC	24,302 ± 1,548	20,490 ± 1,022	20,320 ± 1,926	17,546 ± 1,313	0.016	0.021
HOMA	1.90 ± 0.11	1.75 ± 0.07	1.47 ± 0.15	1.51 ± 0.11	0.38	0.0075

Data are means ± SE.