Table 1—

Characteristics of adults with and without diabetes, U.S., 1999

Diabetes (n = 1,794, N = 10,318,191)No diabetes (n = 28,228, N = 184,883,434)P
Age (years)   <0.001
≥65 39.7 (1.33) 15.0 (0.27)
50–64 35.5 (1.37) 18.9 (0.26)
35–49 18.0 (1.09) 32.7 (0.35)
18–34 6.8 (0.73) 33.5 (0.40)
Women 53.1 (1.12) 52.2 (0.35) 0.550
Race/ethnicity   <0.001
Non-Hispanic white 68.5 (1.27) 75.3 (0.40)
Hispanic 11.5 (0.84) 10.1 (0.27)
Non-Hispanic black 16.3 (0.99) 10.8 (0.29)
Non-Hispanic other 3.7 (0.65) 3.8 (0.18)
Less than high school education 29.4 (1.18) 17.1 (0.31) <0.001
Unemployed 55.8 (1.28) 25.1 (0.33) <0.001
Household income <$20,000 32.9 (1.30) 20.1 (0.36) <0.001 No usual source of care 3.0 (0.43) 11.0 (0.25) <0.001 Worsening health status 16.8 (1.01) 6.8 (0.17) <0.001 Comorbidity <0.001 Zero or one chronic condition 25.6 (1.20) 90.5 (0.20) Two chronic conditions 37.1 (1.37) 7.1 (0.17) Three or more chronic conditions 37.3 (1.34) 2.4 (0.10) Emergency department visits None 73.1 (1.21) 83.5 (0.28) <0.001 One 15.6 (0.96) 11.7 (0.24) <0.001 Two to three 8.1 (0.78) 3.6 (0.14) <0.001 Four or more 3.3 (0.45) 1.2 (0.08) <0.001 Diabetes (n = 1,794, N = 10,318,191)No diabetes (n = 28,228, N = 184,883,434)P Age (years) <0.001 ≥65 39.7 (1.33) 15.0 (0.27) 50–64 35.5 (1.37) 18.9 (0.26) 35–49 18.0 (1.09) 32.7 (0.35) 18–34 6.8 (0.73) 33.5 (0.40) Women 53.1 (1.12) 52.2 (0.35) 0.550 Race/ethnicity <0.001 Non-Hispanic white 68.5 (1.27) 75.3 (0.40) Hispanic 11.5 (0.84) 10.1 (0.27) Non-Hispanic black 16.3 (0.99) 10.8 (0.29) Non-Hispanic other 3.7 (0.65) 3.8 (0.18) Less than high school education 29.4 (1.18) 17.1 (0.31) <0.001 Unemployed 55.8 (1.28) 25.1 (0.33) <0.001 Household income <$20,000 32.9 (1.30) 20.1 (0.36) <0.001
No usual source of care 3.0 (0.43) 11.0 (0.25) <0.001
Worsening health status 16.8 (1.01) 6.8 (0.17) <0.001
Comorbidity   <0.001
Zero or one chronic condition 25.6 (1.20) 90.5 (0.20)
Two chronic conditions 37.1 (1.37) 7.1 (0.17)
Three or more chronic conditions 37.3 (1.34) 2.4 (0.10)
Emergency department visits
None 73.1 (1.21) 83.5 (0.28) <0.001
One 15.6 (0.96) 11.7 (0.24) <0.001
Two to three 8.1 (0.78) 3.6 (0.14) <0.001
Four or more 3.3 (0.45) 1.2 (0.08) <0.001

Data are weighted percentage (SE). Comorbidity: coronary artery disease, heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, end-stage renal disease, chronic liver disease, or cancer. n, unweighted sample; N, weighted sample.

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