American Diabetes Association

Table 4—

Incremental and construct validity: NeuroQoL and SF-12 measures as predictors of overall quality of life

Predictors	Baseline model	Model 1 (SF-12 only)	Model 2 (NeuroQoL only)	Model 3 (SF-12 and NeuroQoL)
NDS	−0.15^*	−0.05	−0.02	0.02
Painful symptoms	(−0.37)^†	NA	−0.22^†	−0.16^*
Symptoms of reduced feeling	(−0.33)^†	NA	−0.12	−0.11
Sensory motor symptoms	(−0.38)^†	NA	−0.21^*	−0.14^‡
SF-12 PCS	(0.41)^†	0.41^†	NA	0.25^†
r²	0.121	0.257	0.287	0.322
Ulcer	−0.13^‡	−0.08	−0.10^‡	−0.08
Painful symptoms	(−0.41)^†	NA	−0.25^†	−0.19^*
Symptoms of reduced feeling	(−0.33)^†	NA	−0.09	−0.07
Sensory motor symptoms	(−0.39)^†	NA	−0.20^†	−0.14^‡
SF-12 PCS	(0.42)^†	0.42^†	NA	−0.23^†
r²	0.112	0.260	0.295	0.327
NDS	−0.15^*	−0.11^‡	−0.00	−0.04
Activity limitations	(−0.38)^†	NA	−0.09	−0.12^‡
Interpersonal-emotional burden	(−0.53)^†	NA	−0.47^†	−0.22^*
SF-12 MCS	(0.52)^†	0.52^†	NA	0.36^†
r²	0.118	0.374	0.350	0.429
Ulcer	−0.13^‡	−0.12^‡	0.02	−0.03
Activity limitations	(−0.39)^†	NA	−0.10	−0.12^‡
Interpersonal-emotional burden	(−0.53)^†	NA	−0.46^†	−0.22^*
SF-12 MCS	(0.52)^†	0.52^†	NA	0.36^†
r²	0.110	0.372	0.350	0.427

Predictors	Baseline model	Model 1 (SF-12 only)	Model 2 (NeuroQoL only)	Model 3 (SF-12 and NeuroQoL)
NDS	−0.15^*	−0.05	−0.02	0.02
Painful symptoms	(−0.37)^†	NA	−0.22^†	−0.16^*
Symptoms of reduced feeling	(−0.33)^†	NA	−0.12	−0.11
Sensory motor symptoms	(−0.38)^†	NA	−0.21^*	−0.14^‡
SF-12 PCS	(0.41)^†	0.41^†	NA	0.25^†
r²	0.121	0.257	0.287	0.322
Ulcer	−0.13^‡	−0.08	−0.10^‡	−0.08
Painful symptoms	(−0.41)^†	NA	−0.25^†	−0.19^*
Symptoms of reduced feeling	(−0.33)^†	NA	−0.09	−0.07
Sensory motor symptoms	(−0.39)^†	NA	−0.20^†	−0.14^‡
SF-12 PCS	(0.42)^†	0.42^†	NA	−0.23^†
r²	0.112	0.260	0.295	0.327
NDS	−0.15^*	−0.11^‡	−0.00	−0.04
Activity limitations	(−0.38)^†	NA	−0.09	−0.12^‡
Interpersonal-emotional burden	(−0.53)^†	NA	−0.47^†	−0.22^*
SF-12 MCS	(0.52)^†	0.52^†	NA	0.36^†
r²	0.118	0.374	0.350	0.429
Ulcer	−0.13^‡	−0.12^‡	0.02	−0.03
Activity limitations	(−0.39)^†	NA	−0.10	−0.12^‡
Interpersonal-emotional burden	(−0.53)^†	NA	−0.46^†	−0.22^*
SF-12 MCS	(0.52)^†	0.52^†	NA	0.36^†
r²	0.110	0.372	0.350	0.427

Note: cell entries are standardized regression (β) coefficients, controlling for country, age, sex, education, marital status, type of diabetes, duration of diabetes, sequelae of diabetes, and concomitant diseases. Baseline model shows β coefficient for NDS or ulcer and in parentheses the β-to-enter (β if only that one scale were added to the baseline model) for NeuroQoL and SF-12 measures; r² for the baseline model does not include any NeuroQoL or SF-12 measures. Models 1–3 show coefficients for NDS/ulcer and all NeuroQoL and SF-12 measures in that model; variables not included are designated.

P < 0.01;

†

P < 0.001;

‡

P < 0.05. NA, not applicable.

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