American Diabetes Association

Table 2—

Scale descriptives for PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales child self-report and parent proxy-report and comparisons with healthy children scores

Scale	Number of items	Type 1 and type 2 diabetes sample					Healthy sample
Scale	Number of items			n	Mean ± SD	α	n	Mean ± SD
Generic Core Scales
Child self-report
Total score	23	300	80.37 ± 12.90	0.88	401	83.00 ± 14.79	2.63	−2.46^*
Physical health	8	300	85.95 ± 13.34	0.76	400	84.41 ± 17.26	−1.54	1.28
Psychosocial health	15	300	77.34 ± 14.62	0.84	399	82.38 ± 15.51	5.04	−4.36^†
Emotional functioning	5	300	72.37 ± 19.57	0.73	400	80.86 ± 19.64	8.49	−5.67^†
Social functioning	5	300	85.63 ± 16.24	0.73	399	87.42 ± 17.18	1.79	−1.40
School functioning	5	297	74.20 ± 18.08	0.71	386	78.63 ± 20.53	4.43	−2.94^‡
Parent proxy-report
Total score	23	307	76.56 ± 14.10	0.89	717	87.61 ± 12.33	11.05	−12.57^†
Physical health	8	307	81.99 ± 17.22	0.82	717	89.32 ± 16.35	7.33	−6.47^†
Psychosocial health	15	307	73.61 ± 15.37	0.85	717	86.58 ± 12.79	12.97	−13.98^†
Emotional functioning	5	307	69.08 ± 18.57	0.77	718	82.64 ± 17.54	13.56	−11.14^†
Social functioning	5	305	81.03 ± 19.38	0.79	716	91.56 ± 14.20	10.53	−9.68^†
School functioning	5	299	70.80 ± 19.39	0.73	611	85.47 ± 17.61	14.67	−11.42^†
Diabetes module^§
Child self-report
Diabetes symptoms	11	147	65.31 ± 15.79	0.81	—	—	—	—
Treatment barriers	4	146	73.72 ± 20.91	0.66	—	—	—	—
Treatment adherence	7	145	80.81 ± 15.50	0.66	—	—	—	—
Worry	3	145	71.54 ± 22.48	0.63	—	—	—	—
Communication	3	143	74.07 ± 25.08	0.77	—	—	—	—
Parent proxy-report
Diabetes symptoms	11	158	63.96 ± 13.37	0.81	—	—	—	—
Treatment barriers	4	157	66.44 ± 19.99	0.68	—	—	—	—
Treatment adherence	7	158	76.74 ± 17.13	0.73	—	—	—	—
Worry	3	156	68.24 ± 24.26	0.81	—	—	—	—
Communication	3	156	64.90 ± 25.98	0.84	—	—	—	—

Scale	Number of items	Type 1 and type 2 diabetes sample					Healthy sample
Scale	Number of items			n	Mean ± SD	α	n	Mean ± SD
Generic Core Scales
Child self-report
Total score	23	300	80.37 ± 12.90	0.88	401	83.00 ± 14.79	2.63	−2.46^*
Physical health	8	300	85.95 ± 13.34	0.76	400	84.41 ± 17.26	−1.54	1.28
Psychosocial health	15	300	77.34 ± 14.62	0.84	399	82.38 ± 15.51	5.04	−4.36^†
Emotional functioning	5	300	72.37 ± 19.57	0.73	400	80.86 ± 19.64	8.49	−5.67^†
Social functioning	5	300	85.63 ± 16.24	0.73	399	87.42 ± 17.18	1.79	−1.40
School functioning	5	297	74.20 ± 18.08	0.71	386	78.63 ± 20.53	4.43	−2.94^‡
Parent proxy-report
Total score	23	307	76.56 ± 14.10	0.89	717	87.61 ± 12.33	11.05	−12.57^†
Physical health	8	307	81.99 ± 17.22	0.82	717	89.32 ± 16.35	7.33	−6.47^†
Psychosocial health	15	307	73.61 ± 15.37	0.85	717	86.58 ± 12.79	12.97	−13.98^†
Emotional functioning	5	307	69.08 ± 18.57	0.77	718	82.64 ± 17.54	13.56	−11.14^†
Social functioning	5	305	81.03 ± 19.38	0.79	716	91.56 ± 14.20	10.53	−9.68^†
School functioning	5	299	70.80 ± 19.39	0.73	611	85.47 ± 17.61	14.67	−11.42^†
Diabetes module^§
Child self-report
Diabetes symptoms	11	147	65.31 ± 15.79	0.81	—	—	—	—
Treatment barriers	4	146	73.72 ± 20.91	0.66	—	—	—	—
Treatment adherence	7	145	80.81 ± 15.50	0.66	—	—	—	—
Worry	3	145	71.54 ± 22.48	0.63	—	—	—	—
Communication	3	143	74.07 ± 25.08	0.77	—	—	—	—
Parent proxy-report
Diabetes symptoms	11	158	63.96 ± 13.37	0.81	—	—	—	—
Treatment barriers	4	157	66.44 ± 19.99	0.68	—	—	—	—
Treatment adherence	7	158	76.74 ± 17.13	0.73	—	—	—	—
Worry	3	156	68.24 ± 24.26	0.81	—	—	—	—
Communication	3	156	64.90 ± 25.98	0.84	—	—	—	—

P < 0.05;

‡

P < 0.01;

†

P < 0.001. Values are for participants aged 2–18 years. Higher Generic Core values equal better health-related quality of life.

Diabetes Module values represent type 1 diabetes only. Higher type 1 Diabetes Module values equal less symptoms or problems. Cronbach’s α-coefficient was used for total diabetes sample.

View Large

This Feature Is Available To Subscribers Only