Association between HbA1c concentration and risk of dementia subtypes in patients with type 2 diabetes
| Outcome . | HbA1c (mmol/mol) . | HR (95% CI) . | P . | Landmark HR (95% CI)* . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alzheimer disease | ≤52 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | ||
| 53–64 | 1.02 (0.92, 1.12) | 0.741 | 1.09 (0.97, 1.23) | 0.141 | |
| 65–75 | 1.08 (0.94, 1.25) | 0.293 | 1.07 (0.89, 1.28) | 0.471 | |
| 76–86 | 1.32 (1.06, 1.65) | 0.013 | 1.38 (1.05, 1.81) | 0.021 | |
| ≥87 | 1.35 (1.04, 1.75) | 0.026 | 1.24 (0.86, 1.77) | 0.249 | |
| Trend | 1.004 (1.001, 1.008) | 0.009 | 1.005 (1.001, 1.009) | 0.008 | |
| Vascular dementia | ≤52 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | ||
| 53–64 | 1.18 (1.07, 1.31) | 0.001 | 1.16 (1.02, 1.32) | 0.022 | |
| 65–75 | 1.40 (1.22, 1.61) | <0.0001 | 1.46 (1.23, 1.73) | <0.0001 | |
| 76–86 | 1.75 (1.43, 2.14) | <0.0001 | 1.76 (1.36, 2.27) | <0.0001 | |
| ≥87 | 1.93 (1.54, 2.43) | <0.0001 | 1.92 (1.41, 2.60) | <0.0001 | |
| Trend | 1.01 (1.01, 1.02) | <0.0001 | 1.01 (1.01, 1.02) | <0.0001 | |
| Nonvascular dementia | ≤52 | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.011 | 1.00 (Ref) | |
| 53–64 | 1.10 (1.04, 1.16) | 0.0009 | 1.15 (1.07, 1.23) | 0.0001 | |
| 65–75 | 1.32 (1.22, 1.42) | <0.0001 | 1.28 (1.17, 1.41) | <0.0001 | |
| 76–86 | 1.46 (1.30, 1.65) | <0.0001 | 1.41 (1.21, 1.65) | <0.0001 | |
| ≥87 | 1.67 (1.46, 1.91) | <0.0001 | 1.61 (1.35, 1.93) | <0.0001 | |
| Trend | 1.009 (1.007, 1.011) | <0.0001 | 1.009 (1.007, 1.011) | <0.0001 |
| Outcome . | HbA1c (mmol/mol) . | HR (95% CI) . | P . | Landmark HR (95% CI)* . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alzheimer disease | ≤52 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | ||
| 53–64 | 1.02 (0.92, 1.12) | 0.741 | 1.09 (0.97, 1.23) | 0.141 | |
| 65–75 | 1.08 (0.94, 1.25) | 0.293 | 1.07 (0.89, 1.28) | 0.471 | |
| 76–86 | 1.32 (1.06, 1.65) | 0.013 | 1.38 (1.05, 1.81) | 0.021 | |
| ≥87 | 1.35 (1.04, 1.75) | 0.026 | 1.24 (0.86, 1.77) | 0.249 | |
| Trend | 1.004 (1.001, 1.008) | 0.009 | 1.005 (1.001, 1.009) | 0.008 | |
| Vascular dementia | ≤52 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | ||
| 53–64 | 1.18 (1.07, 1.31) | 0.001 | 1.16 (1.02, 1.32) | 0.022 | |
| 65–75 | 1.40 (1.22, 1.61) | <0.0001 | 1.46 (1.23, 1.73) | <0.0001 | |
| 76–86 | 1.75 (1.43, 2.14) | <0.0001 | 1.76 (1.36, 2.27) | <0.0001 | |
| ≥87 | 1.93 (1.54, 2.43) | <0.0001 | 1.92 (1.41, 2.60) | <0.0001 | |
| Trend | 1.01 (1.01, 1.02) | <0.0001 | 1.01 (1.01, 1.02) | <0.0001 | |
| Nonvascular dementia | ≤52 | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.011 | 1.00 (Ref) | |
| 53–64 | 1.10 (1.04, 1.16) | 0.0009 | 1.15 (1.07, 1.23) | 0.0001 | |
| 65–75 | 1.32 (1.22, 1.42) | <0.0001 | 1.28 (1.17, 1.41) | <0.0001 | |
| 76–86 | 1.46 (1.30, 1.65) | <0.0001 | 1.41 (1.21, 1.65) | <0.0001 | |
| ≥87 | 1.67 (1.46, 1.91) | <0.0001 | 1.61 (1.35, 1.93) | <0.0001 | |
| Trend | 1.009 (1.007, 1.011) | <0.0001 | 1.009 (1.007, 1.011) | <0.0001 |
The reference (Ref) group included patients with an HbA1c <53 mmol/mol. The analyses were adjusted for age, sex, marital status, income, education, smoking, BMI, number of years with type 2 diabetes, diastolic and systolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, estimated glomerular filtration rate, macro- and microalbuminuria, medication for blood pressure, lipids, and prevalent CVD.
Conducted using a 3-year landmark analysis. HR for trend was estimated per 1-unit (mmol/mol) increment in HbA1c.