Characteristics of VHA veterans without preexisting diabetes with stratification by presence of one or more respiratory swabs positive for SARS-CoV-2, March 2020–March 2021
| . | All participants . | Participants hospitalized in the 30 days after index date . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No respiratory swabs positive for SARS-CoV-2 . | One or more respiratory swabs positive for SARS-CoV-2 . | No respiratory swabs positive for SARS-CoV-2 . | One or more respiratory swabs positive for SARS-CoV-2 . | |
| n | 2,651,058 | 126,710 | 43,323 | 12,418 |
| Age, years | 59.2 ± 17.1 | 56.2 ± 17.3 | 61.1 ± 17.3 | 65.3 ± 16.7 |
| Age category, years | ||||
| 19–39 | 462,954 (17) | 28,095 (22) | 6,940 (16) | 1,238 (10) |
| 40–49 | 334,553 (13) | 19,481 (15) | 4,272 (10) | 1,038 (8) |
| 50–59 | 433,812 (16) | 23,468 (19) | 6,331 (15) | 1,755 (14) |
| 60–69 | 509,529 (19) | 21,091 (17) | 10,077 (23) | 2,528 (20) |
| 70–79 | 651,650 (25) | 23,862 (19) | 10,236 (24) | 3,542 (29) |
| ≥80 | 258,560 (10) | 10,713 (8) | 5,467 (13) | 2,317 (19) |
| Female sex at birth | 359,257 (14) | 17,017 (13) | 3,867 (9) | 912 (7) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| White | 1,918,484 (72) | 87,758 (69) | 30,855 (71) | 7,972 (64) |
| Black | 439,492 (17) | 26,188 (21) | 9,236 (21) | 3,309 (27) |
| Latinx | 183,487 (7) | 13,685 (11) | 2,703 (6) | 1,204 (10) |
| Other | 257,942 (10) | 9,758 (8) | 2,889 (7) | 881 (7) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.2 ± 5.64 | 30.3 ± 5.9 | 27.8 ± 5.91 | 29.4 ± 6.39 |
| BMI category, kg/m2 | ||||
| <18.5 | 19,390 (1) | 715 (1) | 962 (3) | 185 (2) |
| 18.5–24.9 | 373,342 (22) | 13,946 (16) | 10,026 (31) | 2,161 (23) |
| 25–29.9 | 660,558 (38) | 30,326 (35) | 11,098 (35) | 3,210 (34) |
| 30–34.9 | 438,655 (25) | 24,522 (29) | 6,491 (20) | 2,321 (24) |
| 35–39.9 | 168,901 (10) | 10,930 (13) | 2,393 (7) | 1,017 (11) |
| ≥40 | 72,227 (4) | 5,309 (6) | 1,071 (3) | 593 (6) |
| Tobacco use | ||||
| Never | 986,657 (37) | 49,464 (39) | 9,287 (21) | 3,719 (30) |
| Former | 878,530 (33) | 44,697 (35) | 13,049 (30) | 4,985 (40) |
| Current | 785,871 (30) | 32,549 (26) | 20,987 | 3,714 (30) |
| Proportion with diabetes at 120 days* | 4,024 (0.19) | 484 (0.46) | 590 (1.75) | 290 (2.85) |
| Proportion with diabetes over available follow-up time | 8,402 (0.32) | 748 (0.60) | 952 (2.20) | 400 (3.22) |
| . | All participants . | Participants hospitalized in the 30 days after index date . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No respiratory swabs positive for SARS-CoV-2 . | One or more respiratory swabs positive for SARS-CoV-2 . | No respiratory swabs positive for SARS-CoV-2 . | One or more respiratory swabs positive for SARS-CoV-2 . | |
| n | 2,651,058 | 126,710 | 43,323 | 12,418 |
| Age, years | 59.2 ± 17.1 | 56.2 ± 17.3 | 61.1 ± 17.3 | 65.3 ± 16.7 |
| Age category, years | ||||
| 19–39 | 462,954 (17) | 28,095 (22) | 6,940 (16) | 1,238 (10) |
| 40–49 | 334,553 (13) | 19,481 (15) | 4,272 (10) | 1,038 (8) |
| 50–59 | 433,812 (16) | 23,468 (19) | 6,331 (15) | 1,755 (14) |
| 60–69 | 509,529 (19) | 21,091 (17) | 10,077 (23) | 2,528 (20) |
| 70–79 | 651,650 (25) | 23,862 (19) | 10,236 (24) | 3,542 (29) |
| ≥80 | 258,560 (10) | 10,713 (8) | 5,467 (13) | 2,317 (19) |
| Female sex at birth | 359,257 (14) | 17,017 (13) | 3,867 (9) | 912 (7) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| White | 1,918,484 (72) | 87,758 (69) | 30,855 (71) | 7,972 (64) |
| Black | 439,492 (17) | 26,188 (21) | 9,236 (21) | 3,309 (27) |
| Latinx | 183,487 (7) | 13,685 (11) | 2,703 (6) | 1,204 (10) |
| Other | 257,942 (10) | 9,758 (8) | 2,889 (7) | 881 (7) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.2 ± 5.64 | 30.3 ± 5.9 | 27.8 ± 5.91 | 29.4 ± 6.39 |
| BMI category, kg/m2 | ||||
| <18.5 | 19,390 (1) | 715 (1) | 962 (3) | 185 (2) |
| 18.5–24.9 | 373,342 (22) | 13,946 (16) | 10,026 (31) | 2,161 (23) |
| 25–29.9 | 660,558 (38) | 30,326 (35) | 11,098 (35) | 3,210 (34) |
| 30–34.9 | 438,655 (25) | 24,522 (29) | 6,491 (20) | 2,321 (24) |
| 35–39.9 | 168,901 (10) | 10,930 (13) | 2,393 (7) | 1,017 (11) |
| ≥40 | 72,227 (4) | 5,309 (6) | 1,071 (3) | 593 (6) |
| Tobacco use | ||||
| Never | 986,657 (37) | 49,464 (39) | 9,287 (21) | 3,719 (30) |
| Former | 878,530 (33) | 44,697 (35) | 13,049 (30) | 4,985 (40) |
| Current | 785,871 (30) | 32,549 (26) | 20,987 | 3,714 (30) |
| Proportion with diabetes at 120 days* | 4,024 (0.19) | 484 (0.46) | 590 (1.75) | 290 (2.85) |
| Proportion with diabetes over available follow-up time | 8,402 (0.32) | 748 (0.60) | 952 (2.20) | 400 (3.22) |
Data are presented as mean ± SD for continuous variables and n (%) for categorical variables. P values for comparisons of participants who were SARS-CoV-2 positive with participants without a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 were all significant at P < 0.001.
All participants: n followed for diabetes until 120 days = 2,183,657 (n = 2,079,281 without a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 and n = 104,376 with a positive test). Hospitalized participants: n followed for diabetes until 120 days = 43,966 (n = 33,785 without a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 and n = 10,181 with a positive test).