Components of a Comprehensive Diabetes-Related Eye Exam
| Complications . | Symptoms/Signs . | Testing . |
|---|---|---|
| Refractive errors | Fluctuating or blurry vision related to glycemic variability | Best corrected visual acuity test |
| Abnormal visual function | Abnormal color vision or visual function deficits | Tests to detect decreased color perception, contrast sensitivity, and abnormal electrophysiology of the retina |
| Neurological disorders | Optic nerve issues (e.g., cranial nerve palsies, neovascularization, or glaucoma) | Checks of pupils, extraocular motility, tonometry, and visual field |
| Anterior segment disorders | Dry eyes, corneal erosion, reduced corneal sensitivity, iris neovascularization, and cataracts | Slit-lamp examination |
| Retinal conditions (e.g., DRD, DME, vitreomacular traction, retinal vascular occlusion, vitreous hemorrhage, and tractional retinal detachment) | Decreased vision, metamorphopsia, or sudden loss of vision | Dilated retinal exam, retinal photography/widefield imaging, optical coherence tomography, and optical coherence tomography angiography, and ultrasonography |
| Complications . | Symptoms/Signs . | Testing . |
|---|---|---|
| Refractive errors | Fluctuating or blurry vision related to glycemic variability | Best corrected visual acuity test |
| Abnormal visual function | Abnormal color vision or visual function deficits | Tests to detect decreased color perception, contrast sensitivity, and abnormal electrophysiology of the retina |
| Neurological disorders | Optic nerve issues (e.g., cranial nerve palsies, neovascularization, or glaucoma) | Checks of pupils, extraocular motility, tonometry, and visual field |
| Anterior segment disorders | Dry eyes, corneal erosion, reduced corneal sensitivity, iris neovascularization, and cataracts | Slit-lamp examination |
| Retinal conditions (e.g., DRD, DME, vitreomacular traction, retinal vascular occlusion, vitreous hemorrhage, and tractional retinal detachment) | Decreased vision, metamorphopsia, or sudden loss of vision | Dilated retinal exam, retinal photography/widefield imaging, optical coherence tomography, and optical coherence tomography angiography, and ultrasonography |